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Single-Access Neighbourhoods and Neighbourhood Cohesion

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EN
This paper compares the level of neighbourhood cohesion of two single-access neighbourhoods in Calgary, Alberta. The two neighbourhoods had a high sense of neighbourhood cohesion. It is argued that the single access to the neighbourhood has contributed to a high sense of neighbourhood cohesion. One neighbourhood outperformed the other on all three subscales of cohesion due to a stronger sense of seclusion of the neighbourhood. Establishing a sense of identity, a focus, and a clear boundary for a neighbourhood is paramount. At the same time, visionary planning for the future of neighbourhood design with a view to an easy and flexible redevelopment of the open-grid model seems to dominate the mindset of municipal planners operating under the banner of sustainability.
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63%
PL
The article is an attempt of analysis of the category of loneliness in the mystical experience. The loneliness is a natural space of cognition and a necessary condition of the contemplation enabling the experience of God, but it is also irremovable element of all stages of the mystical experience. Three of the principle problems of this question were subjected to the analysis. Faithful loneliness constituting the essence of the concept of anachorese. From such point of view the isolation from the world (as well as the escape from the body) turns out to be a way to experience of God. Holy loneliness as a durable spiritual state connected with narrow path of the dark contemplation of St. John of the Cross (mystical loneliness in God and for God). Inner loneliness (Eckhart’s seclusion as a basis of the project of inner man).
EN
Considered a geographical concept par excellence, space has invested the literary field, to underline the importance of its role in the configuration of a text, both in terms of decor, characters and plot. Much more than a simple scenic element, space crystallizes a set of data, the meanings of which reveal the way it is perceived or designed. In Le corps de ma mère the narrator evokes her mother and, through her, the life of Bedouin women in Tunisia. She recounts how she managed to free herself from a long ancestral tradition that is particularly restrictive for women and describes the changes that occurred with the Jasmine Revolution. The book shows a gap between the countryside and a big city in Tunisia, between traditional culture, religion, superstition, demons, ancestral customs, tales and modernization. In fact, the novelist gives us the extraordinary family story of Yamna, her mother, who lived in a small village in Tunisia, secluded for fifty years in her house. Then, ill, she found herself uprooted in Tunis, where her children insisted that she should be cared for. At the modern hospital where she is going to die, she is accompanied by her daughters to make confessions that reveal a perception of space that is based on the ambivalence between confinement and deliverance. The opposition between urban space and rural space, in particular the indictment drawn up against the capital, as well as the female body as an ideological space will be the objects of this study.
FR
Étant considérée par les critiques comme un art essentiellement temporel, la littérature se caractérise aussi par une ‘spatialité’, comme le souligne d’ailleurs Genette dans sa Figure II. En effet, le temps, les personnages et l’espace sont des composantes à pied d’égalité. Ceci dit, que l’espace est « une composante essentielle de la machine narrative » (Mitterand, 1980, pp. 211-212), qui détermine les relations entre les personnages et influe, d’une façon ou d’une autre, sur leurs actions. De fait, l’espace n’est pas un simple élément scénique, il établit des liens complexes avec les autres éléments du récit (temps, personnages et péripéties). L’analyse de ces liens et des significations de ces éléments révèle la façon dont le cadre spatial est perçu ou conçu. Dans Le corps de ma mère de Faouzia Zouari, la narratrice évoque la vie des femmes bédouines de Tunisie, et celle de sa mère, en particulier. Elle relate l’influence de l’espace dans laquelle cette dernière évolue, comment celle-ci est parvenue à se libérer d’une longue tradition ancestrale particulièrement contraignante pour les femmes, et décrit les mutations survenues avec la révolution du Jasmin. Le livre se compose de trois parties, et chacune d’elle se caractérise par son cadre spatial spécifique. Celui qui domine la première et la troisième partie, ‘le corps de ma mère’ et ‘l’exil de ma mère’, est Tunis (la capitale) et ses ‘cités de béton’. La romancière nous livre, dans ces deux chapitres, le récit familial extraordinaire de Yamna, sa mère qui a vécu dans un petit village de Tunisie, recluse pendant cinquante ans dans sa maison. Puis, malade, la vieille femme s’est trouvée déracinée à Tunis, où ses enfants insistaient pour qu’elle se fasse soignée. A l’hôpital moderne où elle va mourir, elle est accompagnée par ses filles, pour faire des confessions qui laissent transparaitre une perception de l’espace qui repose sur l’ambivalence entre réclusion et délivrance. La deuxième partie décrit le fossé entre campagne et grande ville en Tunisie, entre cultures traditionnelles, religion, superstition, djinns, coutumes ancestrales, contes et modernisation. L’opposition entre l’espace urbain et l’espace rural, en particulier le réquisitoire dressé contre la capitale, puis le corps féminin comme espace idéologique feront les objets de notre présente étude.
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32%
EN
The article is a form of a short walk through the ROD allotment gardens. Drawing on examples of such allotments not only in Poland, but also in various parts of Europe, it describes the phenomenon of the functioning of the allotment garden, treating it as a specific kind of intimate space, very close to human, a place for satisfying their various needs. The article considers as one of these needs the human desire to create, to build, to annex space according to their own rules and principles. The allotment garden, as a place outside the official zone of the city, away from normal everyday life, offers its user the possibility to create a new spatial reality of their own, unhindered by any barriers. The gate to the ROD allotment gardens becomes a place of ‘transition’ to another reality, allowing you to forget your everyday problems and move into another, tame dimension.
PL
Artykuł jest formą krótkiego spaceru po działkach ROD. Opisuje fenomen funkcjonowania ogrodu działkowego, traktuje go jako specyficzną odmianę przestrzeni intymnej, jednej z bliższych człowiekowi, miejsce zaspokajania jego różnych potrzeb. Za jedną z tych potrzeb artykuł przyjmuje ludzką chęć tworzenia, budowania, anektowania przestrzeni według własnych reguł i zasad. Ogród działkowy jako miejsce znajdujące się poza oficjalną strefą miasta, z dala od normalnego codziennego życia, stwarza możliwość kreowania przez jego użytkownika nowej własnej rzeczywistości przestrzennej, nieograniczonej żadnymi barierami. Brama ROD staje się miejscem „przejścia” do innej rzeczywistości, pozwala zapomnieć o codziennych problemach i przenieść się w inny, oswojony wymiar.
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