The article presents the origins and phases of Algerian presence in the French state in the context of mutual political and economic relations between Algeria and France. The author discusses how the French legislation has changed to different groups of Algerian inhabitants from 1830 (the beginning of French colonization in Algeria), through 1962 (the independence of Algeria) to contemporary times. Trying to answer the question of integration of nowadays Algerian immigrants and French of Algerian descent with the rest of the French society, author points the difficulties caused by the history of the French citizenship policy.
The literary works of the offsprings of Holocaust survivors most frequently show that this is the inherited Shoah trauma, which was, and still is, very important or even the most important determinant of their lives. Among the similar voices of the so‑called second and third generation of survivors there appear some distinct ones, which make an attempt to work through the Shoah trauma. This article is aimed at presenting these distinct attitudes, which are the attempts to have a look at the personally experienced situation of the offsprings of Holocaust survivors. While analyzing the critical, reflective attitudes, the author refers to Marianna Hirsch’s conception of post‑memory; he also asks about the influence of the attitudes on polish collective memory.
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