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EN
Security as a social category is realised intuitively (subjectively) and is not always subject to unambiguous (objective) assessments. The perception of various formations tasked with ensuring public security and order gives rise to extreme assessments, sparking numerous discussions on how to judge their functioning. In today’s world, it is hardly surprising that various services (including private services) operate in cities, ensuring the security of the residents. The aim of the article is to analyse the basic components which shape the social image of people and property security services in the public consciousness of the inhabitants of Słupsk – a medium-sized city in Poland . This has been researched on the basis of empirical surveys (questionnaires) diagnosing the assessment of the work and activities of security personnel. The research problem is the following question: What is the image of people and property security services in the system of security and public order, as perceived by the residents of Słupsk, a medium-sized Polish city? The quantitative research conducted for the purpose of this paper was carried out in the form of a diagnostic survey, and the technique applied were questionnaires.
EN
Security as a social category is realised intuitively (subjectively) and is not always subject to unambiguous (objective) assessments. The perception of various formations tasked with ensuring public security and order gives rise to extreme assessments, sparking numerous discussions on how to judge their functioning. In today’s world, it is hardly surprising that various services (including private services) operate in cities, ensuring the security of the residents. The aim of the article is to analyse the basic components which shape the social image of people and property security services in the public consciousness of the inhabitants of Słupsk – a medium-sized city in Poland . This has been researched on the basis of empirical surveys (questionnaires) diagnosing the assessment of the work and activities of security personnel. The research problem is the following question: What is the image of people and property security services in the system of security and public order, as perceived by the residents of Słupsk, a medium-sized Polish city? The quantitative research conducted for the purpose of this paper was carried out in the form of a diagnostic survey, and the technique applied were questionnaires.
EN
This paper presents characteristic and evaluation of Police’s social prevention programs in Pomeranian district. The Police performs actions in security as well as social order focused on improving the safety level. These arise strictly from the Police Act. Each of those programs requires, form the Policemen fulfilling it a deep and detailed analysys of social issues. It involves not only the awarness of occuring paradoxes but also consideration, imagination as well as responsibilty of all the program implementers. The research problem is focused on Police preventive actions in particular with the areas encompassed by social preventive programs. Examination of the evaluation processes required using research metod of quantitive and qualitative nature, which was an author’s poll, evaluating the program sent by Police units from Pomeranian district as well as the analysis of documents of Pomeranian’s district Police units.
EN
The Police Academy in Szczytno has a long and very variable history. Over the years, in place of existing militia schools of a military nature, new ones have been created, which were to meet the didactic needs of the then Civic Militia. Political changes from the early 1990s brought a wave of reforms in various areas of social and political life in The Republic of Poland. Serious reforms also concerned the security and public order authorities, including the newly appointed Police. A number of major changes were introduced to the level of police education, and in particular in the newly established Police Academy in Szczytno. These were not only formal changes, but ones that actually diametrically changed the profile and functioning of the academy. It was on the wave of these changes that the academy boldly started, and in the following years intensively developed, cooperation with Polish security and public order formations, to an extent that had not been done here until then. In this article, the author wishes to demonstrate, in a synthetic way, the participation of the academy in the process of improving the staff of the Polish security and public order system through intensively conducted cooperation in this field, not only in the didactic dimension, but also in scientific research
Securitologia
|
2015
|
issue 1(21)
163-173
EN
The state is the organizational structure, which unites the whole nation by providing optimal conditions for the functioning and development. One of the conditions for the basic functions of the state is efficient administration headed by a person with the role of management. They not only hold the highest position, but also represent the authority of the state. For this reason, they need special protection. Each attack undermines the authority of the administration and trust in the state institutions. For the protection of persons performing managerial functions in the state corresponds to the Government Protection Bureau that providing them protection at the same time protect the state.
EN
A sense of security and public order in Poland is in the hands of the Department of Interior and Administration, where analyses of possibilities of occurrence of crime are carried out based mainly on the Police data. The findings are used to prevent and combat crime in a more effective way. Preventive actions are crucial in this respect e.g. development of relevant programmes and strategies, as well as tasks for units subordinated and supervised by the competent Minister of the Interior. The above mentioned effectiveness is also influenced by cooperation with institutions and organisations dealing with various aspects of crime prevention at the national and international level. While assessing crime, efficiency of the police activities as far as crime prevention and combat, statistical data including particular crime offences that determine time and place are useful. The statistics is the key element in determination of perpetrators’ actions. It is also an indicator of activities performed by individual Police units, inter alia by adequate (at place and time) services deployment (preventive and criminal ). Based on crime statistical data, one may possess knowledge of the desired Police operations, and social demands. On one hand, the analysis of statistical data related to crime and examination of the sense of security felt by Polish citizens, is one of the evaluation methods of the activities of the Polish Police forces; on the other, it offers a number of paths in the search for solutions concerning prevention and fight against crime. The indicated analyses including data interpretation are supposed to raise awareness concerning the phenomenon of crime in Poland, and demonstrate changes over years with respect to security and public order, as well as social assessment of the Police activity.
EN
Members of local communities can play an active role in assuring their own security and public order. One of the forms of such civic activity is the institution of civil guard, which is closely in line with the philosophy of community policing. It is based on the assumption that the police and society are partners in ensuring security. In this aspect a very important role is played by the non-governmental sector. Civil guards can be organized as an association or following resolutions of a municipal council. The experience of other countries shows that these forces can contribute to the improvement of public safety and order of local communities. Such initiatives are also to be found in Poland. They were created as a response to increased crime rate which gave rise to the feeling of anxiety among citizens. However, in Poland civil guards still bear negative historic connotations, predominantly with ORMO (Voluntary Reserves of the Citizen’s Militia). Although Polish law does not contain rules strictly governing the functioning of the civil guards, the Interior Ministry has developed some principles for creation of such forces. These principles can be found in the Penal Code, the Police Act or the Associations Act. The paper presents detailed analysis of these regulations.
EN
An important element of the local government model in Poland is undoubtedly the city guard functioning since the beginning of its restitution in Poland. The anniversary of the restoration of local government in Poland this year is an opportunity for many summaries and to draw conclusions for the future. While in the case of discussions on the functioning of local government in Poland, there is no search for voices that would say about an attempt to withdraw from local government reform, the postulate of liquidating municipal guards from the Polish public security system is increasingly appearing in public discussion. However, when discussing the legitimacy of the functioning of city guards, it is worth relying on source material, which clearly and clearly depicts the scope of its activities and thus illustrates its role in the public security system at the local level. The purpose of this study is primarily to characterize the activities of the individual in the years indicated, which prove the legitimacy of its existence in the provincial city, which is Poznań.
PL
Istotnym elementem modelu samorządowego w Polsce jest niewątpliwie funkcjonująca od początku jego restytucji w Polsce straż gminna. Obchodzona w tym roku okrągła rocznica przywrócenia w Polsce samorządu terytorialnego jest okazją do wielu podsumowań i wyciągania wniosków na przyszłość. O ile w przypadku dyskusji na temat funkcjonowania samorządu terytorialnego w Polsce próżno poszukiwać głosów, które mówiłyby o próbie wycofania się z reformy samorządowej, o tyle w dyskusji publicznej coraz częściej pojawia się postulat likwidacji straży gminnych z polskiego systemu bezpieczeństwa publicznego. Warto jednak, dyskutując na temat zasadności funkcjonowania straży gminnych, oprzeć się na materiale źródłowym, który w jasny i klarowny sposób obrazuje zakres jej działań i tym samym opisuje pełnioną rolę w systemie bezpieczeństwa publicznego na poziomie lokalnym. Celem niniejszego opracowania jest przede wszystkim scharakteryzowanie działań jednostki we wskazanych latach, które świadczą o zasadności jej istnienia w mieście wojewódzkim, jakim jest Poznań.
EN
Ensuring and protecting security and public order is a duty of the state. The related tasks are carried out first of all through security and public order authorities. The purpose of their functioning is to serve the public service. The level and quality of life of all members of the state community depend on the quality of public service provided by the officers of security and public order authorities.
PL
Obowiązkiem państwa jest zapewnienie i ochrona bezpieczeństwa i porządku publicznego. Związane z tym zadania realizuje ono przede wszystkim przez organy ochrony bezpieczeństwa i porządku publicznego. Celem ich istnienia jest pełnienie służby publicznej. Od jakości pełnienia służby publicznej przez funkcjonariuszy organów ochrony bezpieczeństwa i porządku publicznego zależy poziom i jakość życia wszystkich członków wspólnoty państwowej.
EN
This paper concerns the protection of fundamental values such as security, as well as public, architectural, and spatial order. These values can already be seen through the prism of restrictions on freedom of the construction. The protection of these values is particularly valuable for society and is one of the characteristics attributed to the construction police. Important role in this area is entrusted to the construction police, an institution associated with identifying and preventing threats affecting the overall safety and order in the construction industry.
PL
Niniejsze opracowanie dotyczy ochrony podstawowych wartości, takich jak bezpieczeństwo, porządek publiczny i ład architektoniczno-przestrzenny. Wartości te można dostrzec już przez pryzmat ograniczeń wolności budowlanej. Ich ochrona jest szczególnie cenna dla społeczeństwa i stanowi jedną z właściwości przypisywanych policji budowlanej. Doniosłą rolę w tym zakresie powierza się jej jako instytucji związanej z ustaleniem i przeciwdziałaniem zagrożeniom naruszającym ogólne bezpieczeństwo i ład w budownictwie.
Roczniki Nauk Prawnych
|
2014
|
vol. 24
|
issue 3
125-158
PL
Zadania państwa w zakresie ochrony bezpieczeństwa i porządku publicznego realizują organy administracji publicznej. Jednym z nich jest Straż Graniczna, której funkcjonariusze zostali wyposażeni w szereg uprawnień, mających zapewnić efektywne wykonywanie nałożonych na nią zadań. Korzystanie z uprawnień zostało poddane ścisłej kontroli, ponieważ mogą prowadzić do ograniczenia wolności i praw człowieka i obywatela. Realizacja zadań w zakresie ochrony bezpieczeństwa i porządku publicznego musi być wykonywana w sposób możliwie najmniej inwazyjny z poszanowaniem wolności i praw. Straż Graniczna jest formacją, która ma służyć zarówno dobru człowieka, jak i państwa (wspólnej sprawy) – dobra wspólnego wszystkich obywateli.
EN
Tasks of the state in the field of the protection of the safety and public order are carry out by public services. One of them is the Border Guard, whose officers are equipped with a range of powers, to ensure the effective implementation of the imposed tasks. The use of the powers is subject of strict control, because abuse of powers can lead to limitation of freedoms and rights of every man and citizens. Implementation of tasks in the field of the protection of the safety and public order must be carried out in such a way to be as the least intrusive with respect for freedoms and rights. The Border Guard is the formation which serves to the good of man and the state – understood as the common good of all citizens.
EN
The overriding goal of the paper is to present a theoretical synthesis of the findings of the research on design-oriented thinking found in the subject literature in order to better understand its principles and characteristic features and accompanying processes, and to suggest ways of using such findings with regard to design-oriented thinking in safety and public order activities (Polish: BiPP) in local environments. Two methodical approaches have been proposed, indispensable in design-oriented thinking. The first one rests on methodology, the essence of which is expressed by the inspiration, ideation and implementation triad, used in the design of activities for BiPP adapted to the current conditions of a particular place and time. The second one hinges upon design methodology, which begins with defining the normative model of a given form of activity for BiPP. A model of this activity has been worked out to ensure a design activity model that would guarantee otpimal satisfation of the needs of a given community, and to facilitate its implementation and further development
PL
Głównym celem artykułu jest teoretyczna synteza zawartych w literaturze wyników badań nad myśleniem projektowym, aby lepiej zrozumieć jego zasady i cechy charakterystyczne oraz towarzyszące mu procesy, a także zaproponować sposoby wykorzystania poczynionych ustaleń dotyczących myślenia projektowego w działaniach na rzecz bezpieczeństwa i porządku publicznego (BiPP) w środowiskach lokalnych. Przedstawiono dwa metodyczne podejścia, nieodzowne w myśleniu projektowym. Pierwsze to metodyka, której istotę wyraża triada: inspiracja, ideacja, implementacja, znajdująca zastosowanie w projektowaniu działań dla BiPP dostosowanych do aktualnych uwarunkowań konkretnego miejsca i czasu. Drugie to metodyka projektowania rozpoczynająca się od zdefiniowania modelu normatywnego danej formy działalności dla BiPP. Przedstawiono też zasady wypracowania modelu projektowej działalności, zapewniającego optymalne zaspokojenie potrzeb danej osoby/grupy, oraz wdrożenia go do praktyki i jego dalszego doskonalenia.
EN
The subject of this article is the problem regarding the use of non-criminal measures as a response to offenses, as well as an assessment of the effectiveness of such responses from the point of view of the possibility of implementing offenders to comply with the established legal order and principles of social coexistence. In connection with the non-criminal measure being applied to the perpetrator, however, there is a problem regarding the final termination of the offender's liability. Hence, the article discusses whether the application of such a measure against the perpetrator of the offense gives the case - of its kind - "status of res judicata" or whether it is still possible to institute legal proceedings against a given person and impose a specific penalty, including imposing a fine in the form of a criminal mandate.
PL
Przedmiotem niniejszego artykułu są: problem dotyczący możliwości stosowania środków pozakarnych jako sposobu reagowania na wykroczenia oraz ocena skuteczności takich reakcji z punktu widzenia wdrożenia sprawców wykroczeń do przestrzegania ustalonego porządku prawnego i przyjętych zasad współżycia społecznego. W związku z zastosowaniem wobec sprawcy środka pozakarnego pojawia się jednak problem dotyczący zakończenia kwestii odpowiedzialności sprawcy wykroczenia. Stąd w artykule podjęte zostały rozważania dotyczące tego, czy zastosowanie takiego środka wobec sprawcy wykroczenia kończy sprawę, czy też nadal możliwe jest wszczęcie przeciw danej osobie postępowania sądowego i wymierzenie jej określonej kary, w tym nałożenie grzywny w formie mandatu karnego.
PL
Monitoringi wizyjne są obecnie jednymi z najszerzej wykorzystywanych środków mających wpływać na poprawę poczucia bezpieczeństwa, ale także umożliwiać realizację funkcji wykrywczej i dowodowej organów ścigania. Wykorzystanie monitoringu przynosi określone korzyści, ale jest również źródłem zagrożeń. Funkcja dowodowa jest jedną z podstawowych funkcji monitoringu wizyjnego. Daje ona możliwość dokonania identyfikacji grupowej lub indywidualnej osób lub przedmiotów w oparciu o materiał dowodowy stanowiący obraz zarejestrowany przez kamery. W strukturze organizacyjnej Laboratorium Kryminalistycznego Komendy Wojewódzkiej Policji w Katowicach funkcjonuje Sekcja Fotografii i Technik Audiowizualnych zajmująca się między innymi wykonywaniem ekspertyz kryminalistycznych z wykorzystaniem materiału dowodowego pochodzącego z monitoringu wizyjnego. Spectrum prowadzonych badań jest szerokie, od oceny wartości dostarczonego materiału, poprzez wykonanie progresji wiekowej, a na identyfikacji kończąc. W latach 2016 – 2017 policyjni biegli z zakresu antroposkopii wykonali łącznie 951 ekspertyz kryminalistycznych, z czego 34 sporządzili eksperci Laboratorium Kryminalistycznego Komendy Wojewódzkiej Policji w Katowicach. Opinie antroposkopijne, w szczególności kategoryczne, mają wpływ na rozstrzygnięcia spraw karnych. W ponad połowie analizowanych spraw karnych sporządzona opinia miała decydujący wpływ na rozstrzygnięcie. Oczywiście, muszą zostać spełnione określone warunki, głównie związane z jakością materiału dowodowego.
EN
Video monitoring is currently one of the most widely used means to improve the sense of security, but also to enable the detection and evidentiary function of law enforcement. The use of monitoring definitely brings benefits, but at the same time it can pose certain threats. The evidentiary function is one of the basic functions of video monitoring. It offers the possibility to identify individuals or groups of people or objects based on evidence in the form of images recorded by cameras. In the organizational structure of the Forensic Laboratory of the Provincial Police Headquarters in Katowice, there is the Photography and Audiovisual Techniques Section which deals, among other things, with performing forensic expertise using evidence from video monitoring. The spectrum of research is broad, from assessing the value of the supplied material, through age progression, to identification. In 2016 and 2017, police experts in the field of anthroposcopy performed a total of 951 forensic expertise, 34 of which were prepared by experts from the Forensic Laboratory of the Provincial Police Headquarters in Katowice. Anthroposcopic opinions, in particular categorical opinions, have an impact on the settlement of criminal cases. In more than half of the criminal cases analyzed, the opinion had a decisive impact on the outcome. Of course, certain conditions must be met, which are mainly related to the quality of the evidence material provided
EN
Privatization of security understood as privatization of tasks, or privatization of public administration tasks in the field of public safety and order in Poland is a relatively new phenomenon, the beginnings of which should be dated at the turn of the 80s and 90s of the twentieth century. This is directly related to systemic and social changes and economic ones aiming at democratizing public life and adopting the capitalist economic system. In Western countries, especially in Anglo-Saxon countries, the phenomenon of privatization of security has much longer traditions, wider application and more numerous forms. The private security sector, despite it’s limitations, is developing in Poland at the rate of 12% per year, which allows to formulate the thesis that this is, without a doubt, the future trend. Theoretical description, based mainly on cognitive-type research, using the historical-legal, dogmatic and comparative method.
PL
Prywatyzacja bezpieczeństwa, rozumiana jako prywatyzacja zadań bądź prywatyzacja realizacji zadań administracji publicznej w zakresie bezpieczeństwa i porządku publicznego w Polsce jest zjawiskiem stosunkowo nowym, którego początki należy datować na przełom lat 80. i 90. XX w. Ma to bezpośredni związek ze zmianami ustrojowymi, społecznymi i gospodarczymi zmierzającymi do demokratyzacji życia publicznego oraz przyjmowania kapitalistycznego systemu gospodarki. W państwach zachodnich, w szczególności anglosaskich, zjawisko prywatyzacji bezpieczeństwa ma znacznie dłuższe tradycje, powszechniejsze zastosowanie oraz liczniejsze formy. Prywatny sektor bezpieczeństwa, mimo swoich ograniczeń, rozwija się w Polsce w tempie 12% rocznie, co pozwala formułować tezę, iż jest to, bez wątpienia, tendencja przyszłościowa. Niniejszy artykuł stanowi pracowanie teoretyczne, oparte w głównej mierze na badaniach typu poznawczego, przy zastosowaniu metody historycznoprawnej, dogmatycznoprawnej i porównawczej
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