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1

Ability of the Police to Prevent Crime Through Environmental Design Measures

100%
Lojek K.
Internal Security
|
2009
|
vol. 1(1)
9-24
EN
One of the main police objectives involves encouraging and inspiring stakeholders responsible for land development, urban planning, architectural and building processes to create environment favourable for law-abiding citizens and hostile to criminals.For this to happen, it is essential that police officers are adequately prepared to implement the ‘security by design’ concept. This is why the author has attempted to evaluate police officers’ knowledge and beliefs about usefulness and importance of crime prevention through environmental design. Presented in this paper and reflecting on the Polish police managerial staff readiness to implement the concept in question, the survey findings can be used to assess the real ability of police officers to cooperate with stakeholders in building investment processes and to achieve objectives defined in the government strategy of reducing crime and antisocial behaviour. The survey conclusions and opinions can be used as a basis for developing training objectives with a view to eliminating harmful misconceptions about responsibilities of the police and the way how the activities in question should be implemented.
2

Experimental and Numerical Simulation Activities for the Assessment of Explosion Effects in a Train Station

88%
Solomos G., Larcher M., Casadei F., Giannopoulos G.
Internal Security
|
2011
|
vol. 3(1)
49-62
EN
Recent terrorist attacks in biggest cities of the world revealed the vulnerability of transport network as a whole and rail transport in particular. A particular role in improving the safety situation may play architecture alleviating the consequences of such attacks. The behaviour of structural materials and components at higher strain-rates, and experimental techniques and facilities for relevant studies has been considered. Numerical simulation tools, suitable for fast dynamic phenomena, have also in parallel been developed. Using these tools the authors attempted to assess the physical vulnerabilities of rail transport infrastructures to explosion loads, mainly due to terrorist bombing attacks. The source term, the air medium and the structure are properly modeled using the computational framework of the explicit finite element code Europlexus. Particular attention has been focused to the modeling of glass failure, which may be the cause of extended injuries. A case study of a rail station has been conducted, whose geometry has been reconstructed using a laser scanning technique. For several explosion scenarios the structural response is reliably determined, and through appropriate probit functions, the associated risk of human injuries has also been calculated. The potential of the technique to serve as a scene reconstruction tool for forensic purposes is outlined.
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