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EN
The Ukraine crisis, which started at the end of November 2013 and in April 2015 turned into armed conflict in the east of Ukraine, had a negative impact on the geopolitical situation of Poland; it compromised Poland’s security and impaired the perception of security among the majority of Polish society. This article’s objective is to outline the direct implications of the crisis and conflict in Ukraine for the security of Poland. These implications include: destabilization of the international security with serious consequences for the security of Poland; an increased sense of threat from Russia in Polish society; increased efforts of Polish foreign and security policy-makers to strengthen military defense potential; reinforcement of NATO’s cohesion and its more active involvement in Polish and Central European security; enhanced cooperation between Poland and the United States in the field of military defense; and increased threats to the economic stability of Poland.
EN
The purpose of this article is to identify the contemporary security challenges that Poland faces in the context of activities undertaken by the Russian Federation in the region of Central and Eastern Europe. The presented conclusions are a consequence of the research carried out by the diagnostic survey method, with the use of the expert interview technique. This article was written based on research that focused on the security of the Baltic states and Poland, with particular emphasis on the aggressive policies of the Russian Federation. The findings of this research were used to inform the discussion about Poland’s security in the article. The main research problem involves identifying the security challenges that Poland faces in relation to Russian activities in Central and Eastern Europe.
EN
The imperial foreign policy of the Russian Federation has led to extensive changes in the security architecture of Central and Eastern Europe. In the article the results of studies were cited. Studies were carried out in the years 2019-2020, by the method of a diagnostic survey using the technique of expert interview. Eleven experts in the field of security and defense participated in the research. The threats generated by Russia in connection with its expansive foreign policy towards Ukraine and Baltic states and their impact on the security of Poland were the subject of the research. On the basis of the results of these studies and literature review, three scenarios were developed (destabilizing, expanding the sphere of influence and isolation) which concern possible actions taken by the Russian Federation in Poland and towards Poland.
PL
Imperialna polityka zagraniczna Federacji Rosyjskiej spowodowała poważne zmiany w architekturze bezpieczeństwa Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej. W artykule zostały przytoczone wyniki badań zrealizowanych w latach 2019-2020 metodą sondażu diagnostycznego za pomocą techniki wywiadu eksperckiego. Wzięło w nich udział 11 ekspertów w dziedzinie bezpieczeństwa i obronności. Przedmiotem badań były zagrożenia generowane przez Rosję w związku z jej ekspansywną polityką zagraniczną wobec Ukrainy i państw bałtyckich, a także ich wpływ na bezpieczeństwo Polski w perspektywie strategicznej. Na podstawie wyników tych badań oraz analizy literatury zostały opracowane trzy scenariusze (destabilizacyjny, poszerzania strefy wpływów i izolacyjny) dotyczące możliwych działań podejmowanych przez Federację Rosyjską w Polsce i wobec Polski.
PL
Celem artykułu jest identyfikacja najważniejszych cech polskiego systemu antyterrorystycznego, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem podstaw prawnych i wymiaru instytucjonalnego. Autor podjął się próby określenia kierunków rozwoju działań AT w Polsce w kontekście zmieniającego się środowiska zagrożenia zamachami terrorystycznymi w Europie. Podjęte rozważania zawierają również ocenę przyjętych rozwiązań AT w konfrontacji ze zmieniającymi się metodami i narzędziami używanymi przez współczesnych terrorystów.
EN
The aim of the article is to identify the most important features of the Polish anti-terrorism system, with particular emphasis on legal bases and institutional dimensions. The author undertook attempts to determine the direction of development of anti-terrorism activities in Poland in the context of a changing environment threatened by terrorist attacks in Europe. The considerations also include an attempt to evaluate the adopted anti- terrorism solutions in confrontation with the changing methods and tools used by modern terrorists.
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