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PL
Artykuł dotyczy konstytucyjnego ujęcia problemu bezpieczeństwa. Wskazano w nim podstawowe regulacje Konstytucji RP z 1997 r. Celem było także dokonanie wstępnej oceny stanu badań nad bezpieczeństwem w doktrynie prawa konstytucyjnego. W pod-sumowaniu artykułu wskazano potrzebę nowego odniesienia kategorii bezpieczeństwa. Nie jest już nim samo państwo ani sam obywatel, lecz Rzeczpospolita Polska, postrze-gana jako dobro wspólne.
EN
The paper considers the constitutional recognition of security. It includes the basic re-gulations of the 1997 Constitution. The aim was also to make an initial assessment of the security research results in the doctrine of constitutional law. In conclusion of the article, the need for a new category of security reference was pointed out. The referen-ce does not consist in the state itself, or a citizen, but the Republic of Poland perceived as a common good
RU
Унаследованные от предыдущей системы спецслужбы не соответствовали условиям свободного, открытого общества и создаваемых стандартов демократического правового государства. Перед новой властью демократического государства возникла проблема формирования собственных, соответствующих правилам суверенного государства, специальных служб. Обязателен был выбор пути их построения, необходимо было также определить их организационную форму, компетенции и задания. Правящие круги отказались от резких шагов, выбран оптимальный вариант - радикальный по содержанию и лояльный по форме.
EN
Secret services inherited after the former system were not in any way adjusted to the conditions of a free, open society or to the created standards of a democratic state of law. The new authorities of the democratic country faced the problem of building their own secret services subordinated to the rules of a sovereign state. It was necessary to choose the way to create them as well as establish their organizational shape, competences and tasks. The idea of a violent revolution in the services was given up and the intermediate variant was chosen. It was radical in its content but gentle in form. The model shaped in 1990 was based on dividing secret services into civil and military ones. The former were subordinated to the Minister of the Interior, then to the Prime Minister, whereas the latter – to the Minister of National Defense. The Office for State Protection was the service performing the tasks of civil intelligence and counterintelligence.
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