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EN
Gelotophobia (the fear of being laughed at) was studied in a sample of N = 1,322 Danish adolescents aged 11 to 16. When using a measure of coping humour in three different respects (using humour (1) to overcome uncertainty and stress, (2) in relation to aggression and sexuality, and (3) to get cheered up), it was indicated that the fear of being laughed at existed independently from the use of humour as a coping strategy. It is suggested that interventions targeting the positive use of laughter and humour may have a potential for increasing the well-being of adolescents with high levels of the fear of being laughed at. In single item ratings higher levels of gelotophobia were associated with greater self-ascribed loneliness, lower perceived attractiveness, lower self-acceptance, and rather negative life expectancies. Findings are discussed in the light of current literature and with respect to potential implications for the school life of adolescents.
EN
The article contains the results of research of self-attitude as a factor of self-realization of professional-creative potential of future practical psychologists. The essence of the concept of “self-attitude” is revealed, the structure of the phenomenon is analyzed, thepsychologicalcharacteristicsofstudents’ self-attitude of V and VI courses, speciality “Practical Psychology” are given. The research was aimed at studying the psychological characteristics of self-attitude of future psychologists who study at the V and VI courses at Sumy State Pedagogical University named after A. Makarenko, specialty “Practical Psychology”. The experiment was attended by 30 students (15 students of the V course and 15 students of the VI course); 4 of them were boys and 26 were girls. In the study of self-attitude was applied the method of V. Stolin and questionnaire of personal orientation of E. Shostroma. The results of the study indicate that for graduating students of specialty “Practical Psychology” are habitual the high rates of self-acceptance, self-confidence, self-interest; expectation of positive attitude and ability to other close contacts. The low estrates of self-attitude were observed on indicator panel of “self-management”, “self-understanding”, and a large percentage of students of the V, VI courses have low level of self-esteem. Also in low level of development are such features as self-attitude, empathetic and reactive sensitivity, integrity and knowledge of human nature. The study allows to draw the conclusion that with a fairly developed properties of self-attitude of graduate students of specialty “PracticalPsychology”, some of its features require a higher level of development that can be achieved with special psycho-developing work during their university studies. This process will contribute to the special construction of educational process (application of active methods: trainings, business games, etc.), as well as the effective operation of university psychological services provided to increase the number of its employees. The prospects of further researches we see in the deep analysis of structure of self-understanding and self-attitude, and also in research of self-interest as a motivational component of self-understanding.
PL
W artykule podjęta została problematyka procesu przebaczenia samemu sobie w kontekście rozwoju osobistego w wieku senioralnym. Proces ten jawi się jako zasadniczy dla przygotowania do konstruktywnego i twórczego bilansu życia na jego ostatnim etapie, a także utrzymania wysokiego poziomu jakości życia. Początkowo ma miejsce analiza pojęcia przebaczenia, które jest najmocniej zakorzenione w tradycji judeochrześcijańskiej, choć analizowane jest także w wymiarze świeckim. Następnie proces ten zostaje odniesiony do starzenia się człowieka i związanych z tym postaw i przeszkód. W końcowej części artykułu rozważania odnoszą się do praktyki pedagogicznej, związanej ze wspomaganiem rozwoju osób dojrzałych, w tym z pracą biograficzną nad osiąganiem samoakceptacji i integracji własnych życiowych doświadczeń.
EN
The article presents the issue of self-forgiveness in the context of personal development in old age. This process is seen as very important for a constructive life review and high quality of life. Initially, there is analysis of the concept of forgiveness, which derives mostly from the Judeo-Christian tradition. Then, the process is related to the human aging and different attitudes and obstacles. In the final part of the article there is a reference to the educational practice, related to supporting the development of the elderly in biographical work.
PL
Akceptacja niepełnosprawności jest to uznanie przez osobę z niepełnosprawnością własnych ograniczonych możliwości psychofizycznych i wytworzenie w tej sytuacji właściwej postawy wobec siebie, a także wobec swojego otoczenia społecznego i fizycznego. Akceptować niepełnosprawność to nauczyć się żyć z chorobą, umieć dostrzec i wykorzystywać własne zalety i możliwości. Przedstawione tu opracowanie zawiera wyniki badań dotyczących poziomu akceptacji własnej niepełnosprawności przez młodzież niewidomą i słabowidzącą, analizę zależności tych wyników oraz porównanie uzyskanych przeze mnie rezultatów badań z rezultatami podobnych badań prowadzonych wcześniej.
EN
Acceptance of disability is when a person with disability recognizes the fact that his or her psychophysical abilities are limited and, in consequence, forms an appropriate attitude toward himself or herself and also toward his or her social and physical environment. To accept disability means to learn to live with it, to know how to recognize and activate one’s own values in the existing conditions. This paper contains the results of research on the level of acceptance of disability among adolescents with blindness or low vision, an analysis of the relations in the presented data, as well as a discussion of the findings in the light of my own previous research on this matter.
EN
John Rawls (considered one of the most important theorists of the social order in the twentieth century) among „all social values” listed self-esteem, which he accepted as one of the main tasks of a well-organized society. High self-esteem happens to be associated by researchers with welfare, in line with the assumption that self-satisfaction is one of the important elements or maybe even the most important one among the constituents of life satisfaction. Building self-esteem in students should constitute a significant area of work for both school and family. This article presents the essence of this concept, the mechanisms regulating self-esteem and the ways of its reinforcement
PL
John Rawls (uważany za jednego z ważniejszych teoretyków społecznego porządku w XX wieku) wśród „wszelkich społecznych wartości” wskazał poczucie własnej wartości, które uznał za jedno z głównych zadań dobrze urządzonego społeczeństwa. Wysokie poczucie własnej wartości bywa utożsamiane przez badaczy z dobrostanem, zgodnie z założeniem, że zadowolenie z siebie to jeden z ważnych – być może najważniejszy – składników zadowolenia z życia. Budowanie poczucia własnej wartości uczniów stanowić powinno znaczący obszar pracy szkoły i rodziny. W niniejszym artykule przedstawiono istotę tego pojęcia, mechanizmy regulujące poczucie własnej wartości oraz sposoby jego wzmacniania
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