The article presents a new interpretation of works written by Helene Deutsch, Polish psychoanalyst, one of the closest colleagues of Sigmund Freud and the precursor of women’s psychoanalysis. Beginning with the social and cultural history of psychoanalysis, I try to (re)argue and (re)read the works of female analysts in Freud’s movement, especially those by Deutsch. In the article I propose the unfamiliar and new possibility of studying and writing about women’s psychoanalysis. One approach to the work of Polish analysts is to understand it not only as a clinical theory but also as a literature and philosophy. Working on a famous theory of „as if‖ identification, developed by Deutsch, in the light of the concept of plasticity proposed by French philosopher Catherine Malabou, the article is a contribution to a new method in reading and understanding theory as well as non-clinical works by Polish analysts through the categories of identity, memory and plasticity.
PL
Publikowany tekst jest propozycją nowego spojrzenia na teorię Heleny Deutsch, polskiej psychoanalityczki, jednej z najbliższych współpracownic Zygmunta Freuda oraz prekursorki badań nad psychologią kobiet. Wyjście od społeczno-kulturowej historii psychoanalizy umożliwi mi ponowne przyjrzenie się obecności i znaczeniu psychoanalityczek w ruchu freudowskim. W artykule rezygnuję z utartych sposobów ujmowania freudyzmu jako wrogiego emancypacji kobiet, na rzecz badania psychoanalizy w kontekście jej narodzin i funkcjonowania w okresie do wybuchu drugiej wojny światowej. Bardziej niż miejsce Deutsch w długiej tradycji psychoanalizy kobiet, interesuje mnie autorskie i rewelatorskie ujęcie kobiecego podmiotu jako osobowości „jak gdyby" zaproponowane przez polską lekarkę. Dowodzę, że Deutsch wpisywała się nie tylko w tradycję kobiet analityczek, skoncentrowanych głównie na praktyce klinicznej, lecz również - podobnie jak Freud - w swych pracach łączyła refleksję medyczną z literaturą i filozofią. (Re)lektura jej prac w świetle filozofii plastyczności Catherine Malabou stanowi propozycję a zarazem przyczynek do badania teorii Deutsch przez pryzmat kategorii podmiotowości, pamięci i plastyczności.
The effectiveness of the educational process is provided by a number of factors. One of the most important is the ability of a student to get new knowledge independently at different stages of professional development. The problem of self-organization of learning and cognitive activity of students deserves special attention of teachers. Analysis of psychological and pedagogical research on self-organization in education allows to distinguish several main areas: organization of independent work of students; forming rational learning activity; the relationship of self-organization of learning and motivation activities; the relationship of self-organization and self-control; creating a culture of self-organization. The article deals with the theoretical aspects of self-organization of learning and cognitive activity of students.Self-organization is linked to other concepts of “I”-Concept: self-actualization, self-analysis, self-education, self-control, self-regulation, self-assessment, self-knowledge and others. We note that student’s learning and cognitive activity is based on positive motivation, personal qualities of the student as a subject of study, and is aimed at teaching the student as a person who possesses the ability of self-organizing their own activities. Based on the analysis we can conclude “self-organization of learning and cognitive activity of students” is conscious activity of students associated with the ability to organize themselves in the learning process, which manifests itself in focus, activity, conscious motivation, planning its activities, independence, speed decision making and responsibility for them, critical assessment of the results of their actions, a sense of duty. In the process of self-organization skills and personal qualities that ensure the effectiveness of teaching and learning of students are formed. Self-organization of learning and cognitive activity of students contributes to the improvement of the learning process and organizes educational activities of students. The effectiveness of educational activity depends on student’s own efforts and attitudes. Prospects for further research are to establish and characterize components of self-organization of learning and cognitive activity of students; to study the technology of ensuring the effectiveness of self-organization of learning and cognitive activity of students in higher education.
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