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PL
Referat podejmuje temat szczególnego typu komunikacji werbalnej lektorów uczących języka polskiego jako obcego (jpjo) – ustnego poprawiania wypowiedzi studentów. Konfrontuje różne teorie dydaktyczne mówiące o tym, kiedy i w jaki sposób dokonywać korekty, kto jest za nią odpowiedzialny (lektor, student czy pozostali uczestnicy dyskursu) i czy należy poprawiać wszystkie usterki, powstałe w wypowiedzi uczących się, czy tylko te, które utrudniają bądź uniemożliwiają komunikację. Referat zawiera również analizę nagrań dyskursu na lekcji jpjo w Studium Języka Polskiego dla Cudzoziemców UŁ (SJPdC) ‒ na podstawie badań własnych ‒ oraz ocenę wpływu korekty ustnej lektorów na wypowiedzi studentów.
EN
The paper focuses on the unique type of verbal communication of the teachers of Polish as a foreign language (PFL) which is the correction of student‟s oral statements. The author discusses various didactic theories which explain when and how the corrections should be made, who is responsible for them (lecturer, student or the remaining participants of the discourse) and which of the mistakes should be corrected: only those which make the communication unable or all of them. The paper also includes the analysis of discourses that were recorded during PFL lessons in School of Polish for Foreigners at the University of Lodz (based on private recordings) as well as the analysis of the influence of teacher‟s correction on student‟s speaking.
EN
The problem of professional training of teachers in foreign countries in terms of intercultural interaction of educational space objects has been studied in the paper. It has been stated that the current stage of human civilization development which is defined as the transition to a knowledge society, is characterized by qualitatively new requirements to the development of education. It has been noted that despite some cultural-and-historical differences in the development of Ukraine and countries of the European Union, functional similarity of national systems of teachers’professional training enables the usage of European experience in future teachers’ training. The role of teachers in the modernization of European education has been emphasized. It has been stated that in the professional training theory and practice significant experience has been accumulated which can form the basis for modernization of future teachers’ training for intercultural interaction of the educational process objects. Major trends in this area have been revealed. Scientific approaches and paradigms have been defined. Much attention is focused on the fact that a set of methodological approaches to the problem of teachers’ professional training has allowed to distinguish personality-centered and activity approaches as main ones for solving research problems. It has been noted that the reason for scientists’ special attention to the category of educational activities is the development of problems related to organizing cross-cultural educational process that helps students to get knowledge about other cultures, to determine the common and special features in traditions, lifestyle and cultural values of peoples, to bring up youth in the spirit of respect for systems of other cultures. Much attention has been paid to the concept of educational support which is a humanistic way of interaction of a teacher with students on the basis of expansion and deepening student-centered and developmental paradigm of education which is based on internal freedom and creativity of the individual, real humanism and democracy.
EN
This article discusses the role of metacognitive reflection and the systematic practice of writing in shaping the ability to create texts in a foreign language. Starting with the presentation of selected opinions and research on the unsatisfactory level of student writing, the author attempts to verify the hypothesis of the positive influence of metacognitive reflection, as well as the practice of systematic writing, including the freewriting method, on the development of writing skills. The author tried to verify this hypothesis during his classes at the University of Warsaw. For one semester a group of students participated in systematic writing, practiced self-reflection on their writing, and evaluated the results of their work. This quasi-experiment showed a certain improvement in the students’ writing skills and ability to self-correct their texts. However, it is difficult to assess to what extent these individual factors, i.e. self-reflection and systematic writing, have contributed to the improvement of students’ writing skills. Therefore, the hypothesis about the positive influence of self-reflection and systematic writing on enhancing writing skills requires further in-depth research.
PL
W artykule omówiona jest rola refleksji metapoznawczej i systematycznej praktyki pisania dla kształtowania sprawności tworzenia tekstów w języku obcym. Wychodząc od przedstawienia wybranych opinii i badań nad niskim poziomem pisania efektywnością kształcenia sztuki tworzenia tekstów pisanych autor podejmuje próbę weryfikacji hipotezy o pozytywnym wpływie refleksji metapoznawczej, a także praktyki systematycznego pisania, w tym także metodą freewriting, na rozwój sprawności pisania. Hipotezę autor stara się zweryfikować w toku własnych zajęć ze studentami, podczas których grupa studentów przez jeden semestr uczestniczyła w systematycznym pisaniu podczas zajęć oraz praktykowała sterowaną przez nauczyciela autorefleksję nad przebiegiem i oceną wyników własnych prac. Ten quasi-eksperyment wstępnie wykazał pewien przyrost biegłości w pisaniu mierzonej długością tekstu w określonym czasie pisania oraz wzrost umiejętności autokorekty własnych tekstów kosztem jednak zwiększenia czasochłonności pracy tak studentów jak nauczyciela. Hipoteza wpływu wspomnianych czynników na wzrost sprawności pisania, także w aspekcie jakościowym, wymaga dalszych pogłębionych badań.
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