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EN
Objectives: Only a few studies have analyzed the health of self-employed workers. This cross-sectional study is the first to compare health status among craftsmen joiners and paid joiners. Material and Methods: Clinical and paraclinical data for self-employed craftsmen and employees were collected by occupational health doctors according to a standardized protocol and compared. Health data and professional status relationships were analyzed by logistic regression. Results: A total of 171 craftsmen and 196 paid workers were included. Craftsmen had more dermatologic pathologies (odds ratio (OR) = 2.67, p < 0.05), ear/nose/throat symptoms (OR = 3.38, p < 0.001), pulmonary symptoms (OR = 2.46, p < 0.05), musculoskeletal symptoms (OR = 3.09, p < 0.001), and abnormal audiogram (OR = 3.50, p < 0.001). The FEV₁ was significantly lower among craftsmen (p < 0.01), independently of tobacco smoke exposure. Conclusions: This survey highlights a high morbidity rate among self-employed craftsmen, suggesting that among woodworkers, professional status can be a risk factor for health. The preventive medical system for craftsmen has to be rethought to guarantee better safety for this population.
PL
W artykule autor wyjaśnia, jak Międzynarodowa Organizacja Pracy (ILO) działa, aby zapewnić pomoc swoim członkom w przezwyciężeniu społecznych konsekwencji trwającej pandemii. Zalety dwóch z jej narzędzi oraz ich gładka interakcja są poddawane stopniowej analizie. Najpierw zbadano dostępne dane i opublikowano analizy ekonomiczne dotyczące katastrofalnego wpływu pandemii na zatrudnienie i dochód jednostki. Skierowano serię zaleceń społeczno-ekonomicznych do rządów. Następnie odniesiono się do przepisów międzynarodowych jako przewodnika do Państw Członkowskich w ich odpowiedziach na tę wyjątkową sytuację. Standardy pracy ILO zapewniają próg minimalnej ochrony tych, którzy pracują lub chcą pracować. Stanowią gwarancje, które wydają się jeszcze ważniejsze w trudnych czasach, umożliwiając ludziom przejście przez okresy kryzysowe. Niektóre można jeszcze bardziej wzmocnić.
EN
In this essay, the author gives account of how the International Labour Organization (ILO) is working to provide assistance to its members to overcome the social consequences of the pandemic in progress. The virtues of two of its tools and of their smooth interaction are successively analyzed. The Institution has first investigated the available data and published economic analyses on the disastrous consequences of the scourge on employment and therefore, on individual income. It has addressed a series of socio-economic recommendations to governments. It has secondly referred to the international legal corpus as a guide to the States in their responses to the exceptional situation. The ILO labour standards provide a threshold of minimum protection to the benefit of those who work or want to work. They constitute guarantees which appear even more important in difficult times to enable people to go through critical periods without intolerable trouble. Some could still be strengthened.
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