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General and 'Neighbourly' Trust in Border Regions: An Analysis of the Influence of Disintegration Experience and of Self-Enhancement Mentalities in the German-Czech Border Regions

100%
Boehnke K., Rippl S.
Sociologický časopis. Czech Sociological Review
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2012
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vol. 48
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issue 6
1075–1092
EN
This article examines the question of appropriate individual-level predictors of generalised and ‘neighbourly’ cross-border trust in a general population survey in the adjacent border regions of Germany and the Czech Republic (N = 1129). It studies the impact of perceived economic, political, and spatial disintegration (as defined by Heitmeyer) and of self-enhancement mentalities (hierarchic self-interest, xenophobia) on generalised and particular, in this case ‘neighbourly’ cross-border trust, as well as the interrelation of the two types of trust. In line with earlier studies in the field, it emerged that, although being significant predictors of trust, neither perceived disintegration nor self-enhancement mentalities predict generalised trust well. Less than 5% of the variance was explained. In conjunction with contextual predictors (contact density and historic narratives), generalised trust, however, was a very good predictor of cross-border trust.
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Identity Fusion and Status of the Evaluator as Moderators of Self-Enhancement and Self-Verification at the Group Level of Self-Description

75%
Besta T., Kaźmierczak M., Błażek M.
Polish Psychological Bulletin
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2013
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vol. 44
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issue 4
371-378
EN
We examined the influence of identity fusion and status of evaluator on willingness to fight for one’s group after group-descriptive or not group-descriptive feedback. The valence of evaluative information was varied as well: feedback either support negative group-stereotype (negative but descriptive condition) or contradict negative group-stereotype (positive but not descriptive condition). In two studies (N=208 & N=119) we partially replicated previous findings on self-verification. Individuals fused with one’s group were more prone than non fused to fight for group members after receiving, challenging, not group-describing feedback, but only when evaluator’s status was high. When the evaluator’ status was low, fused participants (vs. non fused) engaged in self-enhancement strategies: that is they endorse radical behavior after negative, even if group-describing, feedback. We discuss the importance of identity fusion and evaluator’s status for determining when self-enhancement and self-verification will and will not be evoke.
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Self-Related Factors Explaining Double Standards in Assessing Emotional Costs of Victims Suffering from Severe and Trifling Offenses

63%
Dubas-Miciuk M. M., Miciuk Ł. R.
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio J – Paedagogia-Psychologia
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2020
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vol. 33
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issue 3
105-122
PL
Rola emocji w ludzkiej moralności jest podkreślana przez wielu neuronaukowców i filozofów. Z psychologicznego punktu widzenia rozwiązywanie dylematów moralnych jest niemożliwe w oderwaniu od procesów poznawczo-emocjonalnych związanych z Ja. Niniejsze badanie miało na celu przetestowanie czynników związanych z Ja, potencjalnie wyjaśniających rozbieżności w zakresie szacowanych poziomów wrogości i smutku doświadczanych przez ofiary poważnych przestępstw i drobnych wykroczeń, w których wyobrażonym sprawcą była osoba dokonująca szacowania lub jakaś inna osoba. Badanie przeprowadzono w paradygmatach eksperymentalnym i korelacyjnym, przy czym kluczową metodą analizy danych była analiza powierzchni odpowiedzi (RSA). Przebadano 171 osób za pomocą takich kwestionariuszy, jak: Skala Motywów Autoewaluacyjnych (SMA), Skala Samooceny Rosenberga (SES), Polska Adaptacja testu Ten Items Personality Inventory (TIPIPL) oraz Skala Pozytywnego i Negatywnego Afektu – Wersja Rozszerzona (PANAS-X). Okazało się, że samoocena była predyktorem (nie)zgodności poziomów wrogości przypisywanych ofiarom poważnych przestępstw, podczas gdy motywy autowaloryzacji i samopoznania przewidywały określone wzorce (ro)zbieżności poziomów wrogości przypisywanych ofiarom drobnych wykroczeń. Dyskusja wyników dotyczy m.in. znaczenia perspektywy Ja dla skutecznego rozpoznawania stanów emocjonalnych innych ludzi.
EN
The role of emotions in moral behaviors is emphasized by many neuroscientists and philosophers. From psychological point of view, solving moral dilemmas is impossible in isolation from cognitive-emotional processes related to the self. This study aimed to test self-related factors explaining discrepancies in the judgement of hostility and sadness experienced by someone else’s victim and the judge’s own victim, suffering from severe and trifling offences. The research was conducted in both experimental and correlational paradigms, with response surface analysis (RSA) as a key method of data analysis. Total number of participants was 171. The following questionnaires were used: The Self-Motive Items (SMI), Self-Esteem Scale (SES), Ten Items Personality Inventory (TIPI-PL) and The Positive and Negative Affect Schedule – Expanded Form. According to the results, self-esteem is a predictor of (in)congruence of the levels of hostility attributed to victims suffering from severe offenses, while the motives of self-enhancement and self-assessment predict particular patterns of (mis)matches in the levels of hostility attributed to victims suffering from trifling offenses. Discussion of the findings deals, inter alia, with the role of self-perspective in effective recognition of other people's emotional states.
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