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EN
Jacques Derrida’s critique of Edmund Husserl in Voice and Phenomenon targets several ways in which Husserl’s theory of signs is said to remain dependent on a model of presence, and therefore to be a form of onto-theology. In a sense this simply extends Martin Heidegger’s own critique of Husserl as failing to account for what remains obscure behind any presentation to the mind. Yet Derrida’s critique is ultimately more radical than Heidegger’s, though the radicality is in this case unjustified. Namely, Derrida goes beyond Heidegger’s critique of presence to mount an additional critique of “self-presence,” which is more often known as “identity.” Derrida’s insufficiently motivated critique of identity leads to additional problems for his philosophy.
EN
This paper lists the problems that philosophical therapy deals with and tries to provide a definition of philosophical therapy. In particular, we find references to Homeric psychology, contemporary therapeutic trends, and examples of the use of philosophical therapy (observation records after individual sessions of philosophical therapy or group work). This article develops the connections between philosophical therapy and the ancient understanding of philosophy (ancient spiritual exercises). The focal point of our considerations concerns the application of philosophical therapy to the process of becoming a person. ------------- Received: 27/01/2020. Reviewed: 03/03/2020. Accepted: 30/03/2020
PL
Autor wylicza problemy, którymi zajmuje się terapia filozoficzna i podejmuje próbę podania jej definicji. W tekście znajdziemy odwołania do psychologii homeryckiej, współczesnych nurtów terapeutycznych oraz przykładów zastosowania terapii filozoficznej (zapisy obserwacji osób po odbyciu indywidualnej sesji terapii filozoficznej lub pracy grupowej). W artykule ukazany został związek terapii filozoficznej ze starożytnym pojmowaniem filozofii (antyczne ćwiczenia duchowe). Główną osią, wokół której prowadzone są rozważania jest zastosowanie terapii filozoficznej w procesie stawania się osobą. ------------- Otrzymano: 27/01/2020. Zrecenzowano: 03/03/2020. Zaakceptowano do publikacji: 30/03/2020
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