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Więź do zawiązania: polityka nie-samowystarczalności według Jean-Luc Nancy’ego

100%
Załuski T.
Studia Philosophica Wratislaviensia
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2007
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vol. 2
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issue 1
87-103
EN
In the text I take a closer look at the political paradigm of self-sufficiency as outlined by French philosopher Jean-Luc Nancy. The paradigm is at work in all traditional Western political views, ideologies and practices, and can be reduced to two schematic models of politics: that of the subject, and of the citizen. The models are seen by Nancy to be no longer relevant to the urgent demands of contemporary social and political reality; they are also held to be responsible for contemporary problems and crises in, and of, democracy. Nancy tries to present an another approach to political practice and focuses on the issue of the (social) tie as one that is not given in any substantial way but always remains to be tied, always to be decided and continually reshaped in a response to unforeseeable events. As a part of a sketch of a political philosophy of relation and non-self-sufficiency, Nancy discusses the issues of singularity, incommensurability, justice and ,,equaliberty'', and stresses the need for constant invention of new forms of a democratic politics. The latter is meant as a politics of ,,democracy to-come'', democracy that always remains in statu nascendi, in the process of eventual transformation.
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Preparation of socially maladjusted youth located in youth educational centres for self-sufficient living

87%
Mielczarek M.
Interdyscyplinarne Konteksty Pedagogiki Specjalnej
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2020
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issue 31
PL
The article is of a theoretical and research nature. The theoretical part outlines the specificity of a social rehabilitation centres for minors and refers to the definition of self-sufficiency. The subject of the research was the empowerment of juveniles staying in youth educational centres. Their aim was to find out the answer to the problem: what methods and forms of work are used by youth educational centres to prepare minors for a self-sufficient life after leaving them in the following spheres: family, professional, social and civic? The project was carried out in three selected youth educational centres. The data was obtained using the pedagogical monograph method, for which the document analysis technique was selected, supplemented with an original data sheet acting as a research tool. The research was conducted in the mainstream of the qualitative approach identified with the interpretative paradigm, which allowed for the abandonment of hypotheses.
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Przeobrażenia rolnictwa polskiego w latach 2003-2013

75%
Kapusta F.
Ekonomia XXI Wieku
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2015
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issue 3 (7)
82-99
EN
It has been 10 years of Polish membership in the European Union, and the acquisition of Polish agriculture rules of the Common Agricultural Policy. Such an anniversary induces us to reflect on the changes taking place in agriculture. The aim of the study was to: a) show the amount of funds paid to farmers under the Common Agricultural Policy and the sources of their origin, b) the presentation of changes in agriculture in terms of: inputs, crop area and production of major crops in total and per capita, livestock farming and the production of major animal products in total and per capita, productivity (land, labor and fixed assets), marketability and profitability (land and labor), self-sufficiency in the production and consumption: basic cereals, potatoes, cow’s milk, hen eggs, and meat and offal. As the base period for comparison one adopted the years 2001-2003, i.e. three years before the Polish accession to the European Union, and the last period is 2011-2013, due to the availability of validated statistical data. In agriculture, there are variations in the cultivation of various crops, animal husbandry and productivity of plants and animals caused by natural factors and economic considerations. There are also variations in the prices of means of production and the production itself. The adoption of three-year periods allows for the elimination of annual fluctuations and provides a more comparable performance. Poland moving to a market economy in the nineties of the twentieth century did prepare its whole economy to join the EU, especially in rural areas and agriculture. With the adoption of the EU there were Polish institutions and legal solutions allowing for the adoption of appropriate management and financial support directed to the country and to agriculture. This support contributed to the need to increase investment in agriculture also from national resources (co-financing). Finally, funding for agricultural production increased from less than 9% in the pre-accession period to 60% in 2009-2010. Appropriations for direct payments and complementary targeted at farmers account for about 61% of all funds directed to rural areas by the EU. In addition, Poland obtained without tariff barriers an access to the EU market, resulting in increasingly higher volumes of products and an increase in trade surplus. Obtained funding for farmers, the organization of the agricultural market and legal infrastructure stimulate multiple transformations in Polish agriculture, and the main ones are: –– Changes in the factors of production; reduction of arable land resources and the increase in capital assets and the change of their structure (reducing the share of buildings and structures and increase the share of machinery, equipment and means of transport). Labor resources have a high degree of stability to the amount due to the low possibility of their use in non-agricultural activities, while changes to the structure of these resources: increase the participation of young people, women and those with higher education. –– Changes in acreage of individual crops, harvest and production of plant products per capita. These changes are shaped by the market: demand and profitability of production, –– Changes in the size of herds of livestock (cattle, pigs, sheep, horses, poultry) and meat animal production. Here, too, very much evident operation of the market: demand and profitability of production. –– Increased economic efficiency: increase in productivity of all factors of production, –– Increased food self-sufficiency: food self-sufficiency ratios improved with increasing trade flows in agricultural products abroad. In conclusion, after encompassing Polish agriculture in the Common Agricultural Policy of the EU, there were a lot of structural changes in the factors of production, the organization of production, management efficiency and food self-sufficiency.
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Zboża jako składnik rolnictwa i gospodarki Polski

75%
Kapusta F.
Ekonomia XXI Wieku
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2016
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issue 2 (10)
121-137
EN
The aim of this study was to: a) show the place and role of cereals in the Polish economy in the early twenty-first century; b) analyze changes in the area of cereal crops and their share in the structure of crops in the years 1938-2013; c) analyze trends in the size and structure of grain production in the years 1938-2013; d) perform balance of cereals and determination of Polish self-sufficiency in this product; e) characterize trends in destiny cereals; f) present state intervention in the grain market. The analysis is based on sources such as scientific publications, reports of the Institute of Agricultural and Food Economics − National Research and statistical materials. The collected material was developed and interpreted using the methods: a comparison in the horizontal and vertical form, statistical form and determine the Polish self-sufficiency in grain production in terms of technical and economical Kapusta method. Cereals are an important component of agriculture and Polish economy since they are grown by 89.5% of farms, occupy almost three quarters of crop area and are an essential component of crop rotation (2013). 19.1% of global agriculture production and 35.5% of plant production and 13.1% of the agricultural commodity production and 29.1% of crop production form an important source of nutrients, the basis of the food pyramid and a basic component of food security, cereals and their derivatives are the subject of foreign trade and a source of increasing surplus in the trade balance (2012/2013 + 1 150 thousand euros). Already in pre- WWII Poland the position of grain was high, and in post-war Poland variable with a tendency to increase their role in plantings and agricultural production. Under the influence of various factors, mainly economic and natural there are changes to the total cereal cultivation area and the individual species. The universality of cereal crops makes difficulties in disseminating biological and technological progress. Although in the post-war period there was a decrease in areas planted with cereals, their collections are on the rise; also changes its structure in favor of more intensive species at a higher value in use (wheat, barley, triticale, corn). The production is realized in order to satisfy human needs, and therefore a good measure of the production of goods per 1 inhabitant, in this case the grain. From the pre-war years to modern years grain production has increased from 404 kg per capita to 739 kg. In the balance sheet of cereals at the beginning of the twenty-first century, we have two different situations; relatively stable internal consumption is accompanied by high volatility on the production side (changes in acreage and yields), which generates the need for imports in the years of crop failure. In Poland, cereals consumed (average of the years 2000 / 01-2012 / 13, for 13 years) are as follows: grazing − 60.5%, consumption − 22.2%, sowing (reproduction) − 7.2%, industrial processing − 4.5%, other (loss defects) − 3.7%. At the same time Poland exported 15,676 thousand tons of grain, and imported 16, 530 thousand tones, i.e. 854 thousand tons more. In subsequent years, however, there were changing trends in the balance of foreign trade in grain. In the period of Polish membership in the European Union we observe the increased foreign sales of grain and milk (both exports and imports). As a result of well-developed grain processing and export of its products Poland has achieved positive balance of trade with increasing surplus with foreign countries in terms of value for several years. The cereals market in Poland − as in other European Union countries − is regulated, and this action is led the Agricultural Market Agency on behalf of the state.
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Evolution of Polish food security and its residents at the beginning of the XXI century

63%
Kapusta F.
Zagadnienia Ekonomiki Rolnej
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2017
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issue 1(350)
161-178
EN
The aim of the study was to determine the status and direction of changes in Polish food security and its inhabitants at the beginning of the twenty-first century, in particular: to characterize the level of consumption of basic food products in the 2000-2014 period and the level of food self-sufficiency of selected products, to assess the conditions of the durability and reliability of food supplies, characterization of the conditions of economic availability of food and the diversity of the Polish community in this regard, to determine the level of consumption of energy, its structure and basic nutrients for different socio-economic groups of households for the years 2001-2003 and 2012-2014. To ensure food security of the state, four conditions must be met simultaneously: 1) physical availability of food, which means that the domestic food economy ensures intake of at least the minimum requirement of physiological, import and supply of food more than the minimum requirement, 2) stability and reliability of food supply, 3) economic availability of food, which is equivalent to the fact that the economically weakest households and their members have access to the necessary food (thanks to various forms of food aid), 4) health suitability of a single food product and consumed ration (the necessary energy level, the proper ratio of nutrients, the lack of an inadmissible degree of pollution).
PL
Celem badań było określenie stanu i kierunku zmian bezpieczeństwa żywnościowego Polski i jej mieszkańców na początku XXI wieku, a w szczególności: scharakteryzowanie poziomu spożycia podstawowych produktów żywnościowych w latach 2000-2014 oraz określenie poziomu samowystarczalności żywnościowej wybranych produktów, dokonanie oceny warunków trwałości i niezawodności dostaw żywności, scharakteryzowanie warunków ekonomicznej dostępności do żywności i zróżnicowania społeczności polskiej pod tym względem, ustalenie poziomu spożycia energii, jej struktury oraz podstawowych składników odżywczych dla poszczególnych grup społeczno- ekonomicznych gospodarstw dla lat 2001-2003 i 2012-2014. Aby bezpieczeństwo żywnościowe państwa było zagwarantowane, spełnione muszą być cztery warunki jednocześnie: 1) fizyczna dostępność żywności, co oznacza, że krajowa gospodarka żywnościowa gwarantuje spożycie co najmniej minimalnego zapotrzebowania fizjologicznego, import zaś dostarcza żywności ponad to minimalne zapotrzebowanie, 2) trwałość i niezawodność dostaw żywności, 3) ekonomiczna dostępność żywności, co jest równoznaczne z tym, że także najsłabsze ekonomicznie gospodarstwa domowe i ich członkowie mają dostęp do niezbędnej żywności (dzięki różnym formom pomocy żywnościowej), 4) zdrowotną odpowiedniość pojedynczego produktu żywnościowego i spożywanej racji żywnościowej (niezbędny poziom energii, właściwa proporcja składników pokarmowych, brak niedopuszczalnej wielkości zanieczyszczeń).
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Identity, self-sufficiency and disability in the context of educational and vocational activity

63%
Piotrowski K., Brzezińska A. I.
Polish Psychological Bulletin
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2011
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vol. 42
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issue 3
160-168
EN
This study focused on relations between identity and sense of self-sufficiency. These relations were analysed in the context of educational and vocational activity. 204 persons without disabilities and 230 persons with different kinds of disability participated in the study. Participants were divided into three groups: (1) 18-24-year-olds – students, (2) 25-30–yearolds – unemployed and (3) 25-30–year-olds – employed. The results revealed that unemployed people have significant problems with identity formation. This group obtained the highest scores on ruminative exploration and the lowest scores on the scales of commitment making and identification with commitment. Self-sufficiency proved to be a moderator of the relations between educational/vocational activity on the one hand and exploration in breadth and exploration in depth on the other hand. In students, level of exploration was high in individuals with a high sense of self-sufficiency whereas in the unemployed strong exploration was observed in the group with low sense of self-sufficiency. The need to conduct studies where participants are recruited from populations which seldom attract researchers’ interest, such as the unemployed and people of low social status, is also noted.
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Blogowe (nie)uczestnictwo. Pozainstytucjonalny zwrot edukacyjny w kulturze

63%
Kosińska O.
Kultura Współczesna. Teoria. Interpretacje. Praktyka
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2019
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vol. 105
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issue 2
191-200
EN
Contemporary reality brings an abundance of changes. Some of them may be also observed with respect to forms of participation in culture. New models arise which follow the ideas of deinstitutionalisation, privatisation and self-sufficiency of viewers of culture. On the basis of these transformations, non-institutional actors appear who enter the role of educators, such as for example culture bloggers. Their activity features characteristics typical of educational turn in culture. They play a significant role in shaping cultural capital, while education remains an immanent quality of blogging about culture.
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Rzepak w rolnictwie i gospodarce Polski

51%
Kapusta F.
Zagadnienia Doradztwa Rolniczego
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2022
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vol. 107
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issue 1
65-83
EN
The aim of the study was to show the changes in the place and role of rape in the agriculture and economy of Poland, with particular emphasis on the years 2000-2020, i.e., the beginning of the 21st century, but also the period of Poland's pre-accession and post-accession to the European Union. So presented: – the level and structure of fat consumption in Poland in the years 1965-2020, – changes in the cultivation area, harvests and total yields of oilseeds and winter and spring rape from the period before World War II to 2020, – the share of rape in the structure of crops in the above-mentioned period and the harvest of rape seeds in this period in the total harvest of oilseeds, – balance of rape seeds and self-sufficiency of Poland in the years 2000 / 2001-2019 / 2020, – balance of foreign trade in raw materials and oilseed products in 2007-2020, – raw material base in terms of: changes in the number of growers, rapeseed cultivation area in 2002 and 2020. The study uses sources of data such as: compact and continuous scientific publications, statistical materials of the Central Statistical Office (GUS) – yearbooks, market analyzes of the Institute of Agricultural and Food Economics – National Research Institute (IERiGŻ – PIB). To assess the self-sufficiency in the field of rape seeds, the Cabbage method was used, distinguishing technical and economic self-sufficiency. The production of oilseeds, especially rapeseed, is increasing, and they serve the development of the oil industry. The consumption of fats, especially vegetable fats, increases dynamically. In Poland, a small amount of oilseeds are cultivated, and rapeseed accounts for over 97% of the harvest of their seeds. The cultivation area of oilseeds is increasing, and their crops and yields also increase. Poland exports and imports seeds and oilseed.
PL
Celem opracowania było ukazanie zmian miejsca i roli rzepaku w rolnictwie i gospodarce Polski ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem lat 2000-2020, tj. początku XXI wieku, ale również okresu preakcesyjnego i poakcesyjnego Polski do Unii Europejskiej. Przedstawiono: – poziom i strukturę spożycia tłuszczów w Polsce w latach 1965-2020, – zmiany powierzchni uprawy, zbiorów i plonów roślin oleistych ogółem, w tym rzepaku ozimego i jarego od okresu przed II wojną światową do 2020 r., – udziału rzepaku w strukturze zasiewów w wyżej wymienionym okresie oraz zbiorów nasion rzepaku w ogólnych zbiorach nasion roślin oleistych, – bilans nasion rzepaku i samowystarczalność Polski w latach 2000/2001-2019/2020, – bilans handlu zagranicznego surowcami i produktami roślin oleistych w latach 2007-2020, – bazy surowcowej w zakresie: zmiany liczby plantatorów, powierzchni uprawy rzepaku w latach 2002 i 2020. W opracowaniu wykorzystano takie źródła wiedzy jak: publikacje naukowe zwarte i ciągłe, materiały statystyczne Głównego Urzędu Statystycznego (GUS) – roczniki oraz analizy rynkowe Instytutu Ekonomiki Rolnictwa i Gospodarki Żywnościowej – Państwowego Instytutu Badawczego (IERiGŻ – PIB). Do oceny samowystarczalności w zakresie nasion rzepaku wykorzystano metodę Kapusty wyodrębniając samowystarczalność techniczną i ekonomiczną. Wzrastająca produkcja nasion roślin oleistych, a szczególnie rzepaku, służy rozwojowi przemysłu olejarskiego. W ujęciu bilansowym wzrasta poziom spożycia tłuszczów, tym głównie roślinnych. W Polsce uprawia się małą ilość roślin oleistych, a rzepak stanowi ponad 97% ich całkowitych zbiorów. Wzrasta powierzchnia uprawy roślin oleistych, wzrastają również ich zbiory i plony. Polska eksportuje i importuje nasiona oleiste oraz produkty ich przerobu, ale bilans obrotów handlowych w euro jest dla kraju ujemny i wciąż powiększający się. Saldo obrotów rzepakiem, olejem i śrutą rzepakową jest dodatnie, chociaż w ostatnich latach Polska stała się importerem netto rzepaku i oleju rzepakowego.
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Próba oceny bezpieczeństwa żywnościowego w Polsce

51%
Batko N.
Progress in Economic Sciences
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2016
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vol. 3
145-157
PL
Bezpieczeństwo żywnościowe należy do grupy potrzeb, które są odczuwalne przez człowieka. Może być rozpatrywane z punktu widzenia gospodarstw domowych, krajowego, regionalnego i międzynarodowego. Współcześnie boryka się z różnymi zagrożeniami wynikającymi m.in. ze wzrostu liczby ludności na świecie, zapotrzebowania na żywność, ograniczeniu zasobów wodnych, zmian klimatu, rosnących cen oraz marnotrawienia artykułów spożywczych. Według FAO około 805 milionów ludzi jest niedożywionych. W opracowaniu skoncentrowano się na określeniu dostępności fizycznej, ekonomicznej oraz odpowiedniej jakości żywności na polskim rynku w latach 2011-2013. Z przeprowadzonych badań wynika, że Polska była samowystarczalna w dostarczaniu podstawowych artykułów rolno‑spożywczych, wydatki na żywność gospodarstw domowych utrzymywały się na stabilnym poziomie oraz najmniej uchybień stwierdzono w krajowym i unijnym jedzeniu dostępnym na naszym terytorium. Analiza wartości Globalnego Indeksu Bezpieczeństwa Żywności w 2014 roku pozwoliła stwierdzić, że Polska znajduje się wśród trzydziestu najlepszych państw zapewniających odpowiednią dostępność, przystępność oraz jakość żywności w kraju.
EN
The food security belongs to the group of needs which are perceptible by the man. It can be analyzed at the household, national, regional and global levels. In our times it is contending with different threats resulting among others from the population increase in the world, demand for the food, reducing aquatic resources, climate change, soaring prices and wasting food products. According to the FAO about 805 million people are undernourished. The study focused on determining the physical, economic availability and appropriate food quality on the Polish market from 2011 to 2013. The conducted examinations shows that Poland was self‑sufficient in supplying agri-food commodity, food expenditure of households remained stable and least failings stated in national and EU food available on our territory. The value engineering of the Global Index Food Security in 2014 was allowed to say that Poland is among a thirty of the best states ensuring the appropriate availability, the accessibility and the food quality in the country.
XX
Продовольственная безопасность принадлежит группе потребностей, которые ощутимые через человека. Может быть imN в разрезе домашних хозяйств, отечественного, областного и международного. По-современному борется с разными угрозами вытекающими между прочим из роста числа населения в мире, затребования на пищу, ограничить гидроресурсов, изменений климата, растущих цен и расточание продовольственных товаров. По ФАО примерно 805 миллионов люди истощить. Целью статьи было познакомление продовольственной безопасности в Польше и в мире по случаю осуществления с общественную функцией пищевой промышленности. В разработке сосредоточились на определить доступности физического, экономического и соответствующего качества пищи на польском рынке в годы 2011-2013. Из проведенных изучение вытекает, что Польша довлела себе в доставлянии основных статей рольно пищевой, расходы по пище домашних хозяйств удерживались на стабильном уровне и наиболее мало погрешности констатировали в отечественной и союза доступной еде на нашей территории. Анализ стоимости Глобального Индекса Безопасности Пище в 2014 году позволил констатировать, что Польша расположен среди тридцати наиболее хороших уверяющих государств соответствующую доступность, сходность и качество пищи на родине.
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