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Stress among nurses from countries variously affected by the COVID-19 pandemic – results collected in Poland and Iran

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Piotrowski A., Nikkhah-Farkhani Z., Makarowski R.
Medycyna Pracy
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2021
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vol. 72
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issue 5
457-465
EN
BackgroundNursing involves numerous stressful situations, such as overwork, night shifts, responsibility for the patients’ health, rapid pace of work, emotional demands, contact with suffering individuals, and patients’ aggressive behaviors. The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is an additional demand on the already demanding profession. Thus, the aim of the current study was to assess the character of the relationship between overwork and subjectively experienced stress, taking into account the moderating role of contact with patients and work in facilities dedicated for COVID-19 patients, and the strategies of coping with stress, including resilience, in countries affected by the pandemic to various degrees.Material and MethodsThe study was carried out on 151 Iranian and 158 Polish nurses at the beginning of June 2020. The following research tools were used: the Overwork Climate Scale, the Brief COPE, the Resilience Scale, and the Perception of Stress Questionnaire. The participants were also asked about their contacts with patients infected with COVID-19, and work in facilities dedicated for such patients.ResultsPolish and Iranian nurses reported similar levels of overwork, but they differed with respect to the level of subjectively experienced stress and they used different coping strategies to various degrees. Contact with patients infected with COVID-19 and work in facilities dedicated for such patients also moderated the relationship between overwork climate and resilience.ConclusionsStress levels among Iranian and Polish nurses during the pandemic are different and are related to the intensity of contact with patients infected with COVID-19. Culture and context have an important impact on coping strategies which requires further studies with a multinational approach.
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Cognitive flexibility and flexibility in coping in nurses – the moderating role of age, seniority and the sense of stress

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Kruczek A., Basińska M. A., Janicka M.
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
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2020
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vol. 33
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issue 4
507-521
EN
ObjectivesThe nursing profession entails many stressful situations and challenges, such as heavy workload, shift work, emotional demands and professional conflicts. In the light of the results of the research conducted so far, flexible coping has occurred to be highly adaptive, as its association with adaptive struggle with the disease, fewer depressive symptoms and both greater mental well-being and better health have been proven. In connection with the above, the aim of this study was to determine the nature of the relationship between cognitive flexibility and flexibility in coping in nurses, taking into account the moderating role of age of the respondents, seniority and the sense of stress.Material and MethodsThe study sample consisted of 280 persons working as nurses (age range: 21–66). The number of women and men reflected their percentage distribution in this profession, as it is highly feminized. The following methods were used in the study: the Cognitive Flexibility Inventory (CFI) by Dennis and Vander Wal, the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) by Cohen et al., the Flexibility in Coping with Stress Questionnaire (FCSQ-14) by Basińska et al., and a self-developed survey.ResultsAs the obtained research results show, cognitive flexibility in both the Control and Alternatives subscales was a predictor of flexible coping and their subscales. The analysis revealed that the model of the relationship between cognitive flexibility and flexibility in coping was moderated by age, seniority and the sense of stress.ConclusionsCoping skills and flexibility are positively correlated with the psychological adjustment of nurses.
3
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Wczesne nieadaptacyjne schematy i motywacja osiągnięć a poczucie nasilenia stresu u kobiet i mężczyzn

67%
Zazulska K., Wajs D., Mącik D.
Studia Psychologica
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2017
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vol. 2
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issue 17
23-42
EN
The aim of the presented study was to determine if and in what way early maladaptive schemas and achievement motivation influence the sense of stress in the groups of men  and woman. 107 people, including 58 women and 49 men, in age between 21–59 were tested. Subject completed the Young Schema Questionnaire (YSQ-S3), the Achievement Motivation Inventory (LMI) and the Perception of Stress Questionnaire (KSP). A regression analysis showed differences between men and women. In case of women, schemas explain the external stress, while for men – internal stress. Achievement motivation influences all stress domains in a greater extend for women then for the men’s group. Motivation’s factors explain mostly emotional tension. For men’s group, models’ coefficients are weaker, the highest percentage of explained variance is observed for internal stress factor.
PL
Celem badań prezentowanych w artykule było przedstawienie znaczenia wczesnych nieadaptacyjnych schematów i wymiarów motywacji osiągnięć dla nasilenia poczucia stresu u kobiet i mężczyzn. Zbadano 107 osób dorosłych, w tym 58 kobiet oraz 49 mężczyzn. Wiek badanych zawierał się w przedziale 21–59 lat. W badaniu zastosowano następujące metody: Kwestionariusz schematów Younga (YSQ-S3 PL), Inwentarz motywacji osiągnięć (LMI) oraz Kwestionariusz poczucia stresu (KPS). Zaobserwowano różnice międzypłciowe, które potwierdzają, że wczesne nieadaptacyjne schematy oraz wymiary motywacji osiągnięć wyjaśniają poziom poczucia stresu w sposób odmienny dla kobiet i mężczyzn. W przypadku kobiet schematy wyjaśniają najlepiej stres zewnętrzny, podczas gdy dla mężczyzn – stres intrapsychiczny. U kobiet wszystkie czynniki stresu są wyjaśniane przez wymiary motywacji osiągnięć w większym stopniu, przy czym składowe motywacji wyjaśniają przede wszystkim napięcie emocjonalne. W grupie mężczyzn współczynniki te są słabsze, największy p  cent wyjaśnionej wariancji dotyczy zaś stresu intrapsychicznego.
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