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Simplification in inter- and intralingual translation – combining corpus linguistics, key logging and eye-tracking

100%

Kajzer-Wietrzny M., Whyatt B., Stachowiak K.

Poznań Studies in Contemporary Linguistics

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2016

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vol. 52

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issue 2

235-237

EN

As some scholars view inter-and intra-lingual translation as a parallel activity, it is vital to establish to what extent the products of these processes are alike, and whether the processes themselves differ. This paper investigates stylistic simplification, a frequently hypothesised translation universal which involves, among others, breaking up long sentences in the process of translation (Laviosa 2002). One of the parameters commonly used in the investigations of simplification in translations is the average sentence length. In the present study we focus on sentence length to see if the tendency to incorporate stylistic simplification is equally present in the products of inter-and intralingual translation; what phases of the translation process are decisive for sentence length; whether the scope of consultation with the source text affects sentence length. Finally, we will try to verify if average sentence length is dependent on the level of translation experience.

2

Dystrybucja polskich imiesłowów: styl funkcjonalny i długość zdania

81%

Czachor M.

Polonica

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2019

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vol. 39

219-242

EN

The distribution of four Polish participles across different functional styles has been discussed in many works, but never treated as an independent topic. This paper aims to examine the frequency of participles (both adjectival and adverbial) in 12 styles represented in the National Corpus of Polish Language (NKJP) and to provide some explanations for the varied distribution of these forms. It is done in the course of several quantitative analyses. The difference between adverbial participles and so-called quasi-participles is also taken into consideration. The data presented shows the direct correlation between the frequencies of every participle type and the formality level of a particular style. The difference between adverbial participles and quasi-participles is demonstrated as significant. The article provides new arguments for the thesis that anterior adverbial participles tend to disappear in Polish. Interestingly, there is also a very strong positive correlation between average sentence length across styles and the associated frequencies of adjectival participles, however it only concerns this particular group. The data for adverbial participles does not reflect this pattern. What is more, the probability that a word in a sentence is a participle is found to be growing along with sentence length for all four types of participles when the style division is not considered. It suggests that the origin of adverbial participles’ style distribution is more multifactorial than that of adjectival participles. It seems that all four participles are efficient grammar means to maximize the amount of information in a sentence by compacting additional verbal groups, but the adverbial participles also bear some other characteristics (i.e. relative tense marking, some vagueness of meaning) that could supposedly shape their functionality across styles.

PL

W artykule zbadano metodami kwantytatywnymi dystrybucję imiesłowów i quasi-imiesłowów w stylach funkcjonalnych języka polskiego wyróżnionych w NKJP. Dane pokazują zależność pomiędzy częstością występowania imiesłowów a formalnością stylu. Zaobserwowano także mocną korelację dodatnią pomiędzy średnią długością zdania w stylach a częstością występowania imiesłowów przymiotnikowych. Frekwencja wszystkich czterech imiesłowów rośnie wraz z długością zdania, jednak jedynie w przypadku imiesłowów przymiotnikowych długość zdania wpływa na dystrybucję w stylach. Dane potwierdzają także zanikanie imiesłowów uprzednich i pokazują, że tzw. quasi-imiesłowy uprzednie stanowią liczący się odsetek współczesnych użyć imiesłowów uprzednich.

3

Plain Language in the Czech Republic, the UK, and the US: An Analysis of Tax Return Instructions

72%

Dvořáková E.

Studie z aplikované lingvistiky - Studies in Applied Linguistics

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2021

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vol. 12

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issue 1

7-19

EN

Over the past 50 years, plain language has been an important topic in English-speaking countries, finding its way particularly into legal and official documents. Curiously, plain language has never been a widely discussed topic in the Czech Republic. It would therefore be interesting to see whether Czech tax return instructions (which are, after all, addressed to the wide public) display any plain language features, in comparison with their British and US counterparts. The present contribution aims to compare tax return instructions from the UK, US, and the Czech Republic in terms of their readability (using readability measures), sentence length, passive constructions, certain personal pronouns (you and we), nominalisations (with the -ion suffix), and lexical richness (type-token ratio). For the purposes of the analysis, the official English translation of the Czech tax return instructions has been used so that the comparisons can be made within one language. The results have confirmed the initial hypothesis that the Czech tax return instructions are not compliant with plain language rules.

CS

V posledních padesáti letech se v anglo-americkém prostředí věnuje velká pozornost tzv. „plain language“ (srozumitelnému jazyku), a to zejména v souvislosti s právnickými a úředními dokumenty. V České republice toto téma doposud velký zájem nevzbudilo. Bylo by proto zajímavé zjistit, zda české pokyny k vyplnění daňového přiznání (které jsou určeny široké veřejnosti) dodržují určitá standardní pravidla pro srozumitelný jazyk formulovaná v anglicky mluvících zemích a zda je jazyk těchto pokynů srovnatelný s podobnými texty ze Spojeného království a USA. Cílem této studie je tedy porovnat pokyny k vyplnění daňového přiznání z ČR, Spojeného království a USA pokud jde o jejich čitelnost (s použitím měřítek čitelnosti), průměrnou délku vět, použití trpného rodu, osobní zájmena (vy a my), nominalizace (anglická slova s příponou -ion) a lexikální bohatost. Vzhledem k odlišnému charakteru češtiny a angličtiny byl pro český text použit jeho oficiální překlad do angličtiny, aby bylo srovnání provedeno v rámci jednoho jazyka. Výsledky analýzy potvrzují původní hypotézu, že české pokyny nejsou v souladu s pravidly pro srozumitelný jazyk (plain language).

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1 Polonica

1 Poznań Studies in Contemporary Linguistics

1 Studie z aplikované lingvistiky - Studies in Applied Linguistics

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1 Kajzer-Wietrzny M.

1 Stachowiak K.

1 Whyatt B.

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Simplification in inter- and intralingual translation – combining corpus linguistics, key logging and eye-tracking

Dystrybucja polskich imiesłowów: styl funkcjonalny i długość zdania

Plain Language in the Czech Republic, the UK, and the US: An Analysis of Tax Return Instructions