Search results

1

Аграрна політика польського уряду в оцінці Францішка Буяка

100%

Baran Z., Sypko B.

Kwartalnik Kolegium Ekonomiczno-Społecznego Studia i Prace

|

2019

|

issue 3(39)

89-102

EN

In 1920 and 1925 in Poland, two laws were passed to solve the agrarian problem. The founder of the scientific school for the study of economic history, F. Bujak, outlined his vision of the problem, which was closely linked to the economic development of the country and the raising of the educational, cultural and political level of the peasantry. The adherent of the concept of agrarianism, the ideology of solidarity, the scientist opposed the revolutionary solution of the land issue, insisting on the legal basis for reform in the interests of the people and the state, and not individual political forces. He opposed the free requisitions of land (criticized the government scheme for payment for parceled land in the law of 1920), as well as its free transfer to the peasants. F. Bujak did not see an opportunity to grant the land to all those who wished and expressed his opposition to the excessive fragmentation of land. F. Bujak considered peasant farms in the size of 10-20 ha as the basis of agriculture in Poland, which is more profitable from an economic point of view. Warning that the settlement policy in the eastern territories could cause confrontation and, in general, contradict international regulations. Positively evaluating the new law of 1925 in the direction of eliminating the defects of the previous one (reimbursements were to be made at market prices, clearly defined categories of individuals who were eligible for land, the upper limit for newly-created farms, etc.), the scientist saw another inaccuracies and suggested ways to eliminate them. In general, the reform did not solve the land problem, and the settlement policy, which was the basis of the agrarian reform, only caused an aggravation of interethnic relations on the eastern territories.

2

Considerations regarding the Morlachs migrations from Dalmatia to Istria and the Venetian settlement policy during the 16th century

65%

Caciur D.

Balcanica Posnaniensia Acta et studia

|

2015

|

vol. 22

|

issue 1

57-71

PL

The Turkish offensive in the Balkans often determined various human groups to search for a new life outside the borders of the Ottoman Empire. In the Dalmatian hinterland, administrated by Venice since the beginning of 16th century, the Morlachs are those who, together with Serbs, Croatians, Bosnians, etc. chose to accept the Venetian protection against the non-Christian danger. On its side, St. Mark′s Republic needed more and more new people to repopulate various regions that had hardly been affected by wars, plagues and drought. During the 16th century Serenissima established the rules of internal migrations (from one region to another of Stato da Mar) and its settlement policy for the poorly inhabited areas and their new colonists. The encouragement and the development of the population transfer from Dalmatia to Istria represented an aspect of the Venetian policy in balancing the demography of the state. Arrived from the inner Balkans, the Morlachs accepted quite often to settle in south – western Istria, because the benefits and the exemptions offered by the Republic were not to be ignored: exemptions from fees for using public pasturelands, the right to build settlements in empty spaces, exemptions from fees for transport or reductions from some of the administrative taxes. Even if these benefits were temporary or permanent, they used to increase the number of Morlach migrations from Dalmatia in Istria. In effect, as the documents attest, during the 16th century plenty of Morlach settlements appeared in the hinterland of the Istrian cities, like: Rovigno, Umago, Pinguente, Montona, Cittanova, Villanova, Raspo, Parenzo etc. Despite the fact that sometimes the Morlachs chose to leave the new settlements and turn back in Turchia, the numerous settlements colonized and inhabited by them justify, up to some extent, the existence of an Istrian Morlacchia.

EN

The Turkish offensive in the Balkans often determined various human groups to search for a new life outside the borders of the Ottoman Empire. In the Dalmatian hinterland, administrated by Venice since the beginning of 16th century, the Morlachs are those who, together with Serbs, Croatians, Bosnians, etc. chose to accept the Venetian protection against the non-Christian danger. On its side, St. Mark′s Republic needed more and more new people to repopulate various regions that had hardly been affected by wars, plagues and drought. During the 16th century Serenissima established the rules of internal migrations (from one region to another of Stato da Mar) and its settlement policy for the poorly inhabited areas and their new colonists. The encouragement and the development of the population transfer from Dalmatia to Istria represented an aspect of the Venetian policy in balancing the demography of the state. Arrived from the inner Balkans, the Morlachs accepted quite often to settle in south – western Istria, because the benefits and the exemptions offered by the Republic were not to be ignored: exemptions from fees for using public pasturelands, the right to build settlements in empty spaces, exemptions from fees for transport or reductions from some of the administrative taxes. Even if these benefits were temporary or permanent, they used to increase the number of Morlach migrations from Dalmatia in Istria. In effect, as the documents attest, during the 16th century plenty of Morlach settlements appeared in the hinterland of the Istrian cities, like: Rovigno, Umago, Pinguente, Montona, Cittanova, Villanova, Raspo, Parenzo etc. Despite the fact that sometimes the Morlachs chose to leave the new settlements and turn back in Turchia, the numerous settlements colonized and inhabited by them justify, up to some extent, the existence of an Istrian Morlacchia.

3

Sociology of Housing in Poland - Genesis, Development and Future Prospects

51%

Cesarski M.

Warsaw Forum of Economic Sociology

|

2015

|

vol. 6

|

issue 11

131-139

EN

The sociology of housing is understood by the author of the paper as a science concerning the social dynamics relevant in housing, living and inhabited space context. The goal of the paper is to remind the role of Polish sociology of housing in process of showing the importance of the land use planning and combining the qualities of social and physical space in development of the inhabited space. The article also concerns the genesis and the achievements of sociology of housing in Poland as well as the history and the conditions of housing policy in Poland and in Western Europe. The article also contains proposals of future reorientation of the sociology of housing in the global dimension. The future development of settlement infrastructure, which forms the fundaments of settlement policy, may become a substantial platform for authentic and genuine sustainable development. The settlement infrastructure concept has a potential for balancing the development of the living space, which is determined by the inhabited space, and thus for genuine sustainable development. The aim is to notice the crucial role of the housing policy in modeling the development of the inhabited space. To achieve this the future objectives of sociology of housing in terms of monitoring and diagnosing the social space and physical relations are highlighted. The future sociology of housing should encompass the sociology of settlement - town's and village's sociology as well as rural areas sociology, thus transgressing the boundaries of inhabited space in general and urbanization space in particular. It should evolve into sociology of entire living space.

Refine search results

1 Balcanica Posnaniensia Acta et studia

1 Kwartalnik Kolegium Ekonomiczno-Społecznego Studia i Prace

1 Warsaw Forum of Economic Sociology

1 Baran Z.

1 Caciur D.

1 Cesarski M.

1 Sypko B.

1 2019

2 2015

Аграрна політика польського уряду в оцінці Францішка Буяка

Considerations regarding the Morlachs migrations from Dalmatia to Istria and the Venetian settlement policy during the 16th century

Sociology of Housing in Poland - Genesis, Development and Future Prospects