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1
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Der uralte Hirsch- bzw. Rentierkult bei den Jenissejern im Lichte des Wortschatzes

100%
Werner H.
Studia Etymologica Cracoviensia
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2011
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vol. 16
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issue 1
141-150
EN
The old Yeniseian deer and reindeer cult is not connected in any way to reindeer herding. There are interesting and far-reaching cultural parallels in the Turkic and Indo-European worlds, linked to the words for ‘deer (doe)’ and ‘fawn’. The cervid attributes of the Yeniseian shamans permit us to separate a cervid type of shamans in general. The word for ‘shaman’ itself can be connected to the word for ‘reindeer’, and thus derived eventually from the Yeniseian languages.
2

The Emergence of the Archaic in Margaret Drabble’s the Radiant Way and a Natural Curiosity

88%
Mărăşescu A.
Romanian Journal of English Studies
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2012
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vol. 9
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issue 1
276-287
EN
Margaret Drabble’s novels are set in contemporary England and deal with contemporary issues, but still contain reminiscences of an archaic mentality. The paper will discuss several such reminiscences, like the myth of the good savage, the nostalgia for the lost paradise or the references to the archetype of the Creation.
3
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Osoby niepełnosprawne w sytuacji podwójnego wykluczenia w wybranych krajach Afryki Południowej

76%
Belzyt J. I.
Interdyscyplinarne Konteksty Pedagogiki Specjalnej
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2017
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issue 16
229-242
EN
Education plays an important role in South African countries with respect to the emergence of double exclusion that affects people with disabilities living there. Factors like race, gender, social origin or disability contribute to social inequalities, whereas their intensity depends on the dominant ideology or state policy (e.g. apartheid in South Africa). People with disabilities who experience social exclusion caused by their social origin as African natives simultaneously undergo exclusion resulting from their disability. In this context, apart from (the exclusion rooted in) the “heritage” of apartheid, one can also find other very meaningful factors including folk beliefs, healers and shamans. Hence, in line with local folk beliefs, disability in specific areas of the country is perceived and understood as a punishment or a charm that was cast, which eventually makes families ashamed of their disabled children or relatives, force them to hide them for fear of ostracism, violence, ritualmutilation or death.
PL
In South African countries education plays the important role in the context of double exclusion occurance of people with disabilities living in those areas. Factors like race, gender, social origin or disability affect social inequalities which powerful strength in society is strictly connected with a dominant ideology or state policy (eg. apartheid in South Africa). People with disabilities undergoing social exclusion caused by their social origin as African natives, simultaneously undergo exclusion caused by disability. In this context, apart from (the exclusion rooted in) the “heritage” of apartheid, one can also find a very meaningful factor folk beliefs, healers and shamans. Hence, disability, according to the particular area of the country and local folk beliefs, is perceived and understood as punishment or a thrown charm which eventually makes families being ashamed of their disabled children or relatives, force them to hide them for fear of ostracism, violence, ritual mutilation or death.
4

Narratiiv kui ravi: riituse-etendus ja narratiivi aktualiseerumine kogemusena

75%
Frog F.
Mäetagused
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2010
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vol. 45
7-38
EN
This paper addresses theoretical issues of narrative in an attempt to approach the semantics of understanding underlying the performance of certain healing rites. The first section of the paper introduces the term narrative power to refer to the cultural load developed by narratives and narrative strategies and develops a framework for approaching healing rite performance as the application of strategies which actualize narrative as experience. The Finno-Karelian tietäjä tradition is discussed in relation to shamanic rite performance and memorized traditions of incantations, particularly those which incorporate historiolae. The European incantation tradition exhibits a fixed text approach which may bear continuities in strategies of application but continuities between performance and the healing event are ambiguous, open to interpretation, and the tradition does not require ‘understanding’ at all. Shamanic traditions are incredibly diverse, but they present an opposite extreme of subjective, internalized understandings of the mythic world and strategies for manipulating narrative power as an effective means of negotiating the recovery of a patient in interaction with the unseen world. The rites of the tietäjä have evolved between these two sets of strategies. The poetic meter inclines individual lines of verse to crystallize and somewhat flexible constellations of lines emerge as familiar compositional units in incantations and other genres. The degree to which rite performance was a variable emergent narrative nearer shamanic rites or a consistently reproduced – if verbally flexible – narrative more akin to the strategies of the European incantation would be dependent on the individual tietäjä, even if in the cultural milieu emphasis was placed on understanding the unseen world and the significance of elements manipulated in the incantations. These traditions have been addressed here in generalizations in order to offer an overview of strategies applied and also how those strategies both interact with and affect other phenomena in the tradition ecology which for centuries may have been shaping a remarkable range of traditions and aspects of the worldview more generally. However, it must be remembered that these traditions have always been dynamic rather than uniform, and it is through the flexibility and openness to reinterpretation that the narrative power of these traditions could persist as viable instruments for crisis resolution through centuries of cultural change.
5
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Konterfekt współczesnej szamanki. Literacki przykład Idy Brzezińskiej, bohaterki trylogii Martyny Raduchowskiej

63%
Moskal A.
Świat i Słowo
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2021
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vol. 37
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issue 2
117-134
EN
The shaman figure is most often associated with primitive communities, inhabiting, among others Siberia. The shaman plays one of the most important roles in them - he is an intermediary between the world of people and the world of spirits. Responds to, among others for the safe passage of souls to the other side and protects her from evil spirits. However, is there room for representatives of this institution in contemporary Polish popular literature? How would they find themselves in the 21st century? The article aims to show the interpretation of the shaman on the example of Ida Brzezińska, the heroine of the books of Martyna Raduchowska. I intend to introduce the role and functions of the „shaman from the dead”, juxtaposing the way Ida works (including reading sleepy margins from a rather unusual dream catcher, carrying out souls and the consequences that await in the event of failure or making contact with the dead) with the methods described by scholars shamans. The purpose of the work is to show how much Raduchowska tried to adapt shamanism in her work by modernizing it, and how many elements she added from herself to make the story more attractive.
PL
Postać szamana kojarzona jest najczęściej ze społecznościami pierwotnymi, zamieszkującymi m.in. Syberię. Szaman pełni w nich jedną z najważniejszych ról – jest pośrednikiem pomiędzy światem ludzi, a światem duchów. Odpowiada m.in. za bezpieczne przejście dusz na drugą stronę oraz chroni ją przed złymi duchami. Czy jednak we współczesnej, polskiej literaturze popularnej jest miejsce na przedstawicieli tej instytucji? Jak odnaleźliby się oni w XXI wieku? Artykuł ma na celu pokazanie interpretacji postaci szamanki na przykładzie Idy Brzezińskiej, bohaterki książek Martyny Raduchowskiej. Zamierzam przybliżyć rolę oraz funkcje „szamanki od umarlaków”, zestawiając sposób działania Idy (m.in. odczytywanie sennych mar z dość nietypowego łapacza snów, przeprowadzanie dusz oraz konsekwencje, jakie czekają w razie niepowodzenia czy nawiązywanie kontaktu z umarłymi) z opisanymi przez uczonych metodami postępowania szamanów. Celem pracy jest pokazanie, na ile Raduchowska starała się zaadaptować w swojej twórczości szamanizm, dokonując jego uwspółcześnienia, a ile elementów dodała od siebie, w celu uatrakcyjnienia fabuły.
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