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EN
This study examined the efforts to provide vocational training programmes for abused, orphaned, and destitute children in the capital of Rajasthan. The presented results are the effect of the larger project on illiteracy conducted by the author in India in 20121. Harmful traditional practices like child labour, child marriage, the caste system, discrimination against girl children impact negatively on children and increase their vulnerability to abuse and neglect. I-India is a fully registered, nonprofit, non-governmental organisation. It was established in 1993 and employs a staff of eighty dedicated local people. I-India’s main activities are the provision of: an information/advice help-line for children in need, repatriation of children to their families, temporary and permanent homes, medical care and sanitation, nutrition, emotional support from trained staff, education, vocational training, awareness, and advocacy.
EN
Among the goals of the Society of St Francis of Sales there is no mention about reconstruction and renovation of historical monuments of sacred art. The religious congregation “transplanted” from Italy (1892, 1898) had no time and no resources to construct new buildings for its educational activity among young men. This is why Salesians were taking over ruined and empty monasteries with churches that were offered them. The religious men, while preparing the premises for educational purposes were, at the same time, saving the remnants of material culture and preserving them for future generations. In the years 1898-1936 nine historical monuments served as a material basis for the pastoral activity conducted by them. Those included historical buildings in: Oświęcim, Różanystok, Ląd, Czerwińsk, Lutomiersk, Poznan, Lublin, Vilnius and Supraśl.
PL
Wśród celów Towarzystwa św. Franciszka Salezego brak jest wzmianek o odbudowie i renowacji zabytków sztuki sakralnej. Zgromadzenie zakonne „przeszczepione” z Włoch (1892, 1898), nie miało czasu i zaplecza materialnego na wznoszenie nowych gmachów na prowadzenie działalności dydaktyczno-wychowawczej wśród młodzieży męskiej. Dlatego z konieczności salezjanie przyjmowali ofiarowane im zrujnowane i ogołocone klasztory z kościołami. Zakonnicy przygotowując pomieszczenia, jednocześnie ratowali pozostałości kultury materialnej i przechowywali ją dla przyszłych pokoleń. W latach 1898-1936 za podstawę realizacji posłannictwa młodzieżowego służyło dziewięć zabytkowych obiektów w: Oświęcimiu, Różanymstoku, Lądzie, Czerwińsku, Lutomiersku, Poznaniu, Lublinie, Wilnie i Supraślu.
EN
The development of hospital services in the Polish State was associated with baptism, the development of Christianity and church organization, and above all, the arrival of religious orders. In the Middle Ages, male religious orders played a huge role in charitable activities, while in modern times female congregations dealing with charity and hospital services were of great importance in that regard. As for female religious orders in the Middle Ages, the Benedictine and Cistercian nuns were the first ones who were engaged in running hospitals and charity work, although it was not their primary mission and charisma. Sometimes hospitals were also run by the Poor Clare Sisters of the Second Franciscan Order, the Magdalene Sisters, the Bridgettine Sisters, and primarily by the Beguines, loose groups of women who were close mostly to Dominican and Franciscan churches and the rules of community life, that is the Third Order. The most important congregation, however, turned out to be the Sisters Canonesses of the Holy Spirit (duchaczki in Polish), who from the beginning of the thirteenth century run, along  with the male branch of the Order, Holy Spirit hospital in Cracow, which specialized in the care of abandoned children and was the largest and the most important one in Poland until the Enlightenment. The great development of charitable female religious congregations occurred after the Council of Trent (1545-1563). Undoubtedly, the most significant of which were the Sisters of Charity (so-called szarytki in Polish) founded by St. Vincent de Paul in Paris in 1633. In Poland, they had 29 houses, where they ran hospitals, orphanages and schools for girls, including the poor. Similar activities, although at a smaller scale, were done by the Sisters of St. Catherine from Braniewo, founded in 1571 by Regina Protman. In addition, charitable activities were undertaken by the Congregation of the Virgins of the Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary (founded in Cracow in the 1620s by Zofia Czeska), the Visitation Sisters (founded by St. Francis de Sales -1601, Geneva,) and the Mariavites founded in 1737 by Stefan Turczynowicz in Vilnius. Apart from the above mentioned orders, the work of mercy was developed, on the margins of its core mission, by most non-charitable female religious congregations existing in Poland in the period before the partitions.
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