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Jak se počítají substantiva v češtině: poznámky ke kategorii čísla

100%
Panevová J., Ševčíková M.
Slovo a slovesnost: časopis pro otázky teorie a kultury jazyka (Slovo a slovesnost: A journal for the theory of language and language cultivation)
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2011
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vol. 72
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issue 3
163-176
EN
The present contribution deals with the grammatical category of number in Czech nouns. On the basis of empirical investigation, we propose the introduction of a new semantic distinction within the forms of nouns, namely the distinction of a simple quantitative meaning versus a pair/group meaning. There are nouns in Czech that typically refer to a pair or to a (commonly encountered) group of entities, not merely to a large amount of these entities (e.g. ruce ‘arms’, vlasy ‘hair’, or sirky ‘matches’). These nouns are combined with set numerals rather than with the basic ones. In the paper, we argue that the above mentioned subcategorization is grammaticalized. A brief outline of the expressions of the pair/group meaning in Czech as compared to some other languages (German, English, Slavonic) is also provided.
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Užití kategorie osoby jako výraz nadřazenosti, nebo sounáležitosti?

88%
Čechová M.
Naše řeč (Our Speech)
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2009
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vol. 92
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issue 1
3-11
EN
In this article, changes in the category of person are considered from the functional and pragmatic points of view, based on the analysis of the means expressing person, i.e. personal and possessive pronouns and verbal forms in the 1st-3rd person. By using particular denominative and grammatical means, denotative persons can be emphasized, backgrounded, placed in contrast, etc. he analysis shows a considerable difference between conceptual texts, where the 3rd person is rototypical, persuasive texts, in which the 2nd person is predominant, and formal addresses, in which he 2nd person plural dominates. At the same time, spoken conceptual texts, in comparison with ritten ones, express universality more often by using verbal forms in the 1st person plural.
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