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Gdzie pochowano mieszkańców grodu w Grzybowie?

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Wrzesińska A., Wrzesiński J.

Studia Lednickie

2022

vol. 21

239-274

Three skeletal graves and loose skeletal material of another four individuals (see Table 6) were uncovered and documented at the stronghold in Grzybowo as a result of excavations and scientific studies. Grave 1/2018 with the burial of a man who died at the age of Maturus, i.e. about 45-50 years old, grave 2/2018 with the burial of a young child who died at the age of Infans I, i.e. about 4-4.5 years old, and grave 1/2019 with the burial of a woman who died at the age of Adultus, i.e. about 22-26 years old, were uncovered. Two long limb bones of a young child who died at the age of Infans I, i.e., about 10-12 months of age (i.e., about 1 year old), were found next to the female skeleton in grave 1/2019 (probably from a backfill). Two human bones from the skeletons of two more individuals – a young child, a newborn or an infant who died at Infans I, i.e., around 0-3 months of age, and a young woman who died at Juvenis-Adultus – were recognized from the bulk material of the 1998 excavation. A single human bone belonging to a seven-month-old foetus, who died at 28-31 weeks of foetal life (age Infans I), was identified in the bulk material from pit 1/2018. The discovery of three graves (at a distance of 2.80 cm from each other, see Fig. 11) and fragments of human remains directly inside the stronghold in Grzybowo is extremely interesting and forces us to verify several views on the functioning and use of the gord. First of all, there is still no information on burials from the period of the stronghold’s use – neither the highly probable cremations from the period of the stronghold’s beginnings, nor from its earlier period of functioning when locals may have been buried in skeletal rites. The discovery of such necropolises would provide arguments for discussing local transformations of sepulchral rituals, but also the role and significance of the stronghold in Grzybowo. In addition, the rather late 12th/13th century (for the functioning of the stronghold) dating of the discussed burials forces us to keep verifying the time of use of the gord and to put a question mark on what role this stronghold played after the period of intensive habitation, i.e. after the mid-11th century. The fundamental question posed in the title of this article also remains open: where were the dead of the stronghold in Grzybowo buried during its greatest glory?

Analiza trwałych izotopów węgla i azotu w szczątkach osobników pochowanych na grodzisku w Grzybowie

100%

Lisowska-Gaczorek A., Szostek K., Wrzesiński J.

Studia Lednickie

2022

vol. 21

285-299

The teeth of the specimens explored at the Grzybowo site (a male Maturus and a child in the Infans I age category) were analysed for diagenesis, followed by carbon and nitrogen stable isotope composition. All the analysed samples were within the normal ranges of collagen diagenesis indicators, which allowed isotopic analyses. The child’s isotopic values indicate that he/she had access to maternal milk at the age of 3. The δ13C and δ15N isotopic delta values obtained for an adult in the collagen of tooth roots representing the period of mineralization of the aforementioned structures (13-16 years of age) indicate that the male was characterized by a terrestrial type of diet during the aforementioned period of life. A significant quantitative predominance in his diet (about 86% to 95%) was accounted for by plants of the C3 photosynthetic pathway (e.g., wheat, rye, barley, vegetables and fruits) and meat from animals consuming C3 plants. A small supplementation with products withigher (less negative) concentrations of δ13C (perhaps plants of the C4 pathway, e.g. millet) also cannot be ruled out. The analysis of the proportions of plant and animal proteins in the individual’s diet suggests that the male consumed similar amounts of protein from plants and animal meat.

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2 Studia Lednickie

2 Wrzesiński J.

1 Lisowska-Gaczorek A.

1 Szostek K.

1 Wrzesińska A.

2 2022

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Gdzie pochowano mieszkańców grodu w Grzybowie?

Analiza trwałych izotopów węgla i azotu w szczątkach osobników pochowanych na grodzisku w Grzybowie