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1

The issue of crimes committed with some electronic payment devices

100%

Cieśla R.

Nowa kodyfikacja prawa karnego

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2016

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vol. 42

27-40

EN

It is acommonplace that the internet is one of the most powerful tools at the disposal of contemporary societies; it is also one of the most dynamically developing ways of information transfer. Access to information is the most important and desirable aim of human aspirations. The internet is still developing very dynamically, thus defying any efforts at determining the limits of its advancement; it creates infinite opportunities in various areas, while its great potential affects all aspects of human existence. For years the internet has also been the medium for financial transactions involving electronically regulated cash flow. Many of these transactions are carried out with the use of payment cards, which for many people constitute anobvious alternative to traditional transactions involving cash. The history of payment cards elsewhere in the world goes back to the beginning of the previous century, but in Poland they came into use much later, i.e. in the mid-1990s. The development of the internet, and especially the speed of data transfer which it offers, have greatly facilitated the transactions involving payment cards. This fact poses aquestion concerning the security of such transactions. The popular and universal character of online payments, not necessarily with the use of payment cards, resulted in the emergence of crime involving identity theft and conducting illegal transactions.

2

KARTA PŁATNICZA JAKO PRZEDMIOT PRZESTĘPSTWA

86%

Kołdys M.

Przegląd Policyjny

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2016

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vol. 2(122)

138-158

PL

Artykuł porusza stale aktualną problematykę związaną z kartami płatniczymi jako przedmiotem przestępstwa. Autorka na wstępie defi niuje, czym jest karta płatnicza według kryterium cywilnoprawnego, funkcjonalnego oraz karnego, a także wskazuje na niespójność regulacji prawnych w tym względzie. W dalszej części autorka przedstawia i opisuje przestępstwa związane z wykorzystaniem kart płatniczych, tj.: posługiwanie się kartami skradzionymi, zagubionymi lub przechwyconymi, wyłudzenie kart płatniczych na podstawie wniosku zawierającego nieprawdziwe dane, fałszowanie kart płatniczych, kopiowanie kart płatniczych na rachunkach obciążeniowych, wykorzystanie danych identyfi kacyjnych cudzej karty, dokonywanie transakcji kartami zgłoszonymi jako utracone oraz tzw. skimming, a następnie dokonuje odpowiedniej ich kwalifi kacji prawnej na gruncie polskiego kodeksu karnego.

3

The Relationship between Ambiguity Tolerance and Success in Reading Comprehension in a Foreign Language

86%

Osiecki M.

Anglica Wratislaviensia

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2014

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issue 52

115 - 128

EN

Reading comprehension in a foreign language appears to be a highly complex process for the majority of learners. This receptive skill requires taking risks and anticipating the meaning of unfamiliar words and grammatical structures. The fact of the matter is that a significant number of individuals have difficulty in tackling the number of confusing elements of language which appear in a written text. Tolerance of ambiguity is undoubtedly a cognitive and learning style which can either facilitate or disturb the reading process. Although ambiguity tolerance affects various aspects of human life, its role in foreign language learning seems to be indispensable. On the one hand, ambiguity tolerant students, who easily cope with new information found in a text, are bound to achieve success in reading. On the other hand, ambiguity intolerance is extremely helpful in paying attention to details and it makes individuals careful while answering different intricate questions included in a reading test (Brown 1991). This study aims to check the relationship between the level of ambiguity tolerance and success in reading comprehension in a foreign language on the basis of the results of scientific research done by the author of the article. The first three sections present the theoretical issues concerning proficiency in reading and ambiguity tolerance. The fourth section constitutes a report on the investigation. In the last parts of the article conclusions are drawn from the study, as well as possibilities for further research are suggested.

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1 Anglica Wratislaviensia

1 Nowa kodyfikacja prawa karnego

1 Przegląd Policyjny

1 Cieśla R.

1 Kołdys M.

1 Osiecki M.

1 2019

1 2016

1 2014

The issue of crimes committed with some electronic payment devices

KARTA PŁATNICZA JAKO PRZEDMIOT PRZESTĘPSTWA

The Relationship between Ambiguity Tolerance and Success in Reading Comprehension in a Foreign Language