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Nářeční atlasy slovanských jazyků: historie a současnost

100%
Kloferová S.
Gwary Dziś
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2015
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vol. 7
43-55
EN
The existence of linguistic/dialect atlases is connected with the existence of the method of linguistic geography at the end of the 19th century. This method, which follows the geographical distribution of dialect phenomena and enables to search for the conditions of linguistic development, fully developed in the 20th century. The paper deals with the most significant dialect atlases of all Slavic languages, attention is paid to multinational atlases as well.
2
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Alanica в топонимии Дона

99%
Iliadi A. I.
Acta onomastica
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2023
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vol. 64
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issue 2
344-359
EN
The aim of the proposed study is to determine the Iranian trace in the toponymy (mostly in hydronymy), attested in the basin of the Don river. In particular, taking into account the results of the etymological analysis of a toponym group in the Don river region, the author considers that the conclusion about its Alanian genesis is very likely. An important factor leads to this thought: the words reconstructed in this study have close equivalent or full identity only in the archaic Ossetian vocabulary (appellative and toponymic), which inherits Alanian lingual tradition. There is a reason to reconstruct the following Alanian words: *anz-āf, *aspa-boγ-, *boγ-ān, *boγ-ut čar, *bor-oday- or *bar-oday-, *bur-gāmi āstaw, *dānaw [*dānaw- sanak?], *fars-dān, *fotug-dān, *is-ān, *sūs-[w]ad, *tuskāj lanč-, *wīr-xān or *wīri xān. All overviewed toponyms are of particular interest for the practice of etymology and Iranian comparative-historical linguistics. There is a very interesting and etymologically equivocal example Донав Сынок which may be a case of Slavic rethinking Alanian *dānaw just as Proto-Slavic *dunavь. The conclusion on Alanian heritage in the Don toponymy can be supported with data of archaeology and history, therefore it is clear that further search of evidences of Iranian lexical relicts in this region will be in perspective.
CS
Cílem příspěvku je odhalit íránskou stopu v toponymii (především pak hydronymii) povodí řeky Donu. Na základě výsledků etymologické analýzy autor považuje závěry o alanské genezi za velmi pravděpodobné. Vede jej k tomu následující důležitá skutečnost: slova rekonstruovaná v tomto příspěvku mají blízký ekvivalent nebo plnou identitu pouze v archaické osetské slovní zásobě (apelativní i toponymické), která vychází z alanského jazykového dědictví. Lze zrekonstruovat následující alanská slova: *anz-āf, *aspa-boγ-, *boγ-ān, *boγ-ut čar, *bor-oday- nebo *bar-oday-, *bur-gāmi āstaw, *dānaw [*dānaw- sanak?], *fars-dān, *fotug-dān, *is-ān, *sūs-[w]ad, *tuskāj lanč-, *wīr-xān nebo *wīri xān. Všechna zkoumaná toponyma jsou obzvláště zajímavá z hlediska etymologie a iránské historickosrovnávací lingvistiky. Bez zajímavosti není ani etymologicky dvojznačné jméno Донав Сынок, v jehož případě se může jednat jak o slovanskou výpůjčku alanského výrazu *dānaw, tak o praslovanský výraz *dunavь. Závěr o existenci alanského kulturního dědictví v toponymii povodí Donu může být podpořen archeologickými i historickými daty, a je proto zřejmé, že bude namístě další hledání dokladů íránského lexika v tomto regionu.
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K jedné kapitole z dějin jazykovědy. Příspěvek k 150. výročí úmrtí srovnávacího jazykovědce Augusta Schleichera

80%
Vodrážková L.
Časopis pro moderní filologii (Journal for Modern Philology)
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2018
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vol. 100
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issue 1
111-119
EN
The article concerns the history of linguistics in the 19th century, in particular August Schleicher’s place in the history of linguistics and his scholarly heritage for linguistics in the 20th century, recalling that he was the founder of a method still characteristic of comparative linguistics today. The report describes the theory and methodology of this German representative of comparative linguistics, presenting Schleicher’s research, which was influenced by Darwin’s Origin of Species and by Hegel’s philosophy. In Prague (1850–1857) Schleicher worked intensively on the synchronic and historical grammar of Old Church Slavonic (1852) and of Lithuanian (1856–1857). In Jena (1857–1868) he wrote one of the major syntheses of comparative and historical grammar of the Indo-European languages  — his Compendium der vergleichenden Sprachwissenschaft der indogermanischen Sprachen (Compendium of the Comparative Grammar of the Indo-European Languages, 1861–1862) in which he postulated the first historical and comparative phonology of the Indo-European languages, which depends on the regularity, or “universal validity”, of the rules of sound change, or “sound laws”, and consolidated the large number of phonological and morphological descriptions of individual Indo-European languages into the unified system of a reconstructed Proto-Indo-European language; Schleicher then represented the inter-relationships of the Indo-European languages in the form of a genealogical tree diagram (Stammbaum).
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