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Adaptacja do zmiany klimatu w programach ochrony środowiska małych i średnich polskich miast

100%

Karaczun Z. M., Bojanowski J., Zawieska J., Swoczyna B.

Studia BAS

2022

issue 3(71)

59-80

The article presents the results of the analysis of the declarations of the authorities of small and medium-sized cities in Poland regarding the need to implement adaptation measures to the effects of climate change, and an assessment of the adequacy of the planned activities in this area. As part of the study, Environmental Protection Programmes in 80 cities with a population of up to 100,000 inhabitants were analysed. In the beginning, the most important challenges that the effects of climate change pose for cities are discussed. Then the results of the research are described and discussed. The paper ends with a short summary. The obtained results are not unambiguous. On the one hand, it has been shown that the issues of environmental protection and adaptation to climate change are not among the most important priorities of the authorities of small and medium-sized cities, and the way of presenting the issue of adaptation in the analysed documents, concerning the threats caused by the effects of climate change, is not sufficient and adequate to the level of danger. On the other hand, the results show that the importance of this problem has been increasing in recent years and that the authorities of small and medium-sized towns more and more often declare the need and readiness to support adaptation measures.

Businesses' local economic integration level: the case of two touristic portuguese small and medium-sized marketowns Silves and Tavira - a sectoral approach

75%

Diniz F.

Organizacja i Zarządzanie : kwartalnik naukowy

2009

vol. nr 1

31-48

Small and medium-sized towns in rural areas are of particular interest at this stage in the evolution of the European Regional policy. Small and medium-sized towns are potentially attractive as a focus for future regional development initiatives because: – The concentration of initiatives within such settlements takes advantage of the economies of agglomeration while allowing the benefits of such initiatives to spread out from these sub-poles into the surrounding countryside; – Small and Medium-sized towns contain the concentration of both human and institutional capacity required for "bottom-up" initiatives; – Small and medium-sized towns often contain the administrative infrastructure required to manage rural development initiatives on behalf of regional, national or European authorities in a properly accountable and auditable manner; – In regions where land is scarce and the population density high, small and medium-sized towns provide the right location to foster beneficial rural development while preserving the environmental assets of the open countryside. The ESDP – European Spatial Development Perspective, a document published in May 1999 by the European Commission regarding the balanced and sustainable development of the territory stresses the role of small and medium-sized towns in the spatial orientation Andypolicies. It points to the "development of a polycentric and balanced urban system" as one of the main development guidelines. It also refers the strengthening of partnerships between urban and rural areas” as a means of overcoming the outdated dualism between city and countryside. One of the policy options of this polycentric spatial development towards a new urban-rural relationship mentioned in point 3.2.3 (Indigenous Development, diverse and Productive Rural Areas) make it clear the important role small and medium-sized towns are expected to play as focal points for regional development and promotion of their networking. With this paper we wish to analyze the results provided by around 150 questionnaires addressed to non-farm businesses in one small (Tavira) and one medium-sized (Silves) Portuguese towns placed in an area where employment on Tourism is well above the national level – chosen to be studied in order to draw some conclusions about the purchase and sale local economic integration of these firms regarding: – the relative importance of some of the firms' characteristics; – the question whether the size of the town matters; – the economic sector where the firm developed its activity; and, finally, – the role of the main economic activity of the town in terms of the different types of economic activities and employment.

Obecnie w Europejskiej Polityce Regionalnej poświęca się dużo uwagi małym i średnim miastom w obszarach rolniczych. Europejska Perspektywa Rozwoju Przestrzennego ESDP [European Spatial Development Perspective], dokument opublikowany w maju 1999 roku przez Komisję Europejską odnośnie zrównoważonego rozwoju, akcentuje rolę małych i średnich miast w polityce zorientowanej przestrzennie. Wskazuje na zrównoważony rozwój systemów miejskich, jako jedną z głównych wytycznych rozwojowych. Odnosi się również do umocnienia partnerstwa pomiędzy miejskimi a rolniczymi obszarami, w znaczeniu przezwyciężania przestarzałego dualizmu pomiędzy miastem a wsią. W niniejszym artykule przedstawiona zostanie analiza wyników badania, przeprowadzonego wśród 150 ankietowanych, adresowanego do nierolniczych przedsiębiorstw w małym mieście (Tavira) oraz średnim mieście (Silves) w Portugalii. Są to miasta znajdujące się na obszarze, gdzie poziom zatrudnienia w sektorze turystycznym kształtuje się powyżej średniej krajowej. Miasta te zostały wybrane w celu wyciągnięcia wniosków odnośnie lokalnej integracji ekonomicznej przedsiębiorstw z tego obszaru: znaczenia elementów charakterystycznych firm, kwestii znaczenia wielkości miasta, sektora, w którym przedsiębiorstwo prowadzi działalność, w końcu, rolę podstawowej działalności w danym mieście, w odniesieniu do różnych typów aktywności i zatrudnienia.

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1 Organizacja i Zarządzanie : kwartalnik naukowy

1 Studia BAS

1 Bojanowski J.

1 Diniz F.

1 Karaczun Z. M.

1 Swoczyna B.

1 Zawieska J.

1 2022

1 2009

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Adaptacja do zmiany klimatu w programach ochrony środowiska małych i średnich polskich miast

Businesses' local economic integration level: the case of two touristic portuguese small and medium-sized marketowns Silves and Tavira - a sectoral approach