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EN
Lech Piwowar was connected, inter alia, with the Cracow Writers’ Association (1929–1930), with the literary and artistic societies “Litart” (1931–1935) and “Volta” (1935–1937), since 1933 he closely cooperated with the Visual Artists’ Theatre “Cricot” and published in the magazines “Naprzód”, “Gazeta Artystów” and “Tygodnik Artystów”. According to Heronim Michalski, Piwowar was a “keen student” of Tadeusz Peiper, according to Julian Przyboś – he was a “faithful and fanatical” student. The author of this article devoted to Piwowar focuses on his poems employing explosive imagery, motifs of fire and blood, primarily within the current of social, “committed poetics” (e.g. Spring, Build!, or A Beauty’s Funeral recalling the revolutionary Cracow of 23 March 1936), poems with a rhetorical exclamation – a call. They lead to questions about the avant-garde imagination annexing (making more substantive) the proletarian gesture of dissent, an expression of revolt.
EN
Smoke can reduce the airport’s visibility and is related to the aviation safety and efficiency. Low visibility has potential safety hazard, such GA-152 crashed in 1997, and thus there is a need to find out the visibility characteristics in airports over Sumatra and Borneo Island caused by 2015 forest fire. This research aims to analyse the spatiotemporal visibility characteristics over airports in Sumatera and Borneo Island using flight rule visibility below minima criteria and hazard probability. The analysis of smoke was characterized using visibility severity index (VSI) that is a function of visibility severity class and its probability level. Spatiotemporal analysis of severity index combined with hotspot and wind numerical weather model indicates that the worst impact visibility occurred in September and October 2015. The lowest visibility was occured over night until afternoon time period. The spread of VSI impact has a tendency to northward and northwestward. The very high VSI levels occurred at airports such: WIJJ (Jambi), WIBB (Pekanbaru), WAGG (Palangkaraya) which were impacted up to 70% of flight operations time with IFR visibility below minima; while the WIOS (Susilo-Sintang), which operates only on VFR, experienced about 92% of VFR visibility below minima at smoke climax period.
EN
Objectives During laparoscopic cholecystectomy, the removal of the gall bladder, pyrolysis occurs in the peritoneal cavity. Chemical substances which are formed during this process escape into the operating room through trocars in the form of surgical smoke. The aim of this study was to identify and quantitatively measure a number of selected chemical substances found in surgical smoke and to assess the risk they carry to medical personnel. Material and Methods The study was performed at the Maria Skłodowska-Curie Memorial Provincial Specialist Hospital in Zgierz between 2011 and 2013. Air samples were collected in the operating room during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Results A complete qualitative and quantitative analysis of the air samples showed a number of chemical substances present, such as aldehydes, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene, ozone, dioxins and others. Conclusions The concentrations of these substances were much lower than the hygienic standards allowed by the European Union Maximum Acceptable Concentration (MAC). The calculated risk of developing cancer as a result of exposure to surgical smoke during laparoscopic cholecystectomy is negligible. Yet it should be kept in mind that repeated exposure to a cocktail of these substances increases the possibility of developing adverse effects. Many of these compounds are toxic, and may possibly be carcinogenic, mutagenic or genotoxic. Therefore, it is necessary to remove surgical smoke from the operating room in order to protect medical personnel.
EN
The aim of the paper is to summarize the evidence of health impacts of occupational exposure to wildland fires. The authors searched 3 databases for relevant articles and screened the results. After full-text review, articles were included based on pre-determined criteria. The authors identified 32 relevant articles. Occupational exposure to wildland fires affects lung function in the short term and may increase the risk of hypertension in the long term. Exposure to wildland fires is also associated with post-traumatic stress symptoms. There was insufficient evidence to comment on most longer-term risks, and in particular on respiratory disease or cancer risks. Further research is required to understand whether occupational exposure to wildland fires results in clinically significant impacts on respiratory function, and to further clarify the relationship between occupational exposure and blood pressure, mental health, and cancer outcomes. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2019;32(2):121–40
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EN
The article is an attempt to describe the main theological assumption of the well-known text of the Apocalypse of St. John 19,1 – 10. According to researchers of the Bible, the fall of Babylon can be interpreted as the fall of Roman Empire – the most high powered one at the beginning of the 2nd century. Esachatologically, the above-mentioned text can bear the implications of the fall of Babylonian empires of all time. When it comes to this fall, theCatholic Church remains peaceful and shares the joy of Christ the lamb of God.
PL
Przedłożony artykuł stanowi próbę opisu głównej linii teologicznej dobrze znanego tekstu Apokalipsy św. Jana [19, 1–10]. Według badaczy Pisma Świętego, w upadku Babilonu można symbolicznie widzieć upadek Rzymu, który jest najpotężniejszym światowym imperium na początku II wieku. W perspektywie eschatologicznej, analizowany tekst wskazywać też może na upadek Babilonów [imperiów] wszystkich czasów. Wobec tego upadku, Kościół zachowuje jednak spokój i uczestniczy w radości Chrystusa Baranka.
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