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Motivation for participation in competition and avoidance of competition: the role of the accuracy of comparative self-evaluations of academic performance

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Šimek D., Košir K.

The New Educational Review

2015

vol. 39

142-152

To investigate the role of academic achievement in the reasons for participation in and/or avoidance of competition more clearly, the presented research was aimed at assessing the role of the discrepancy between objective evaluations and subjective self-evaluations of academic performance in secondary school students. The differences between under-raters, accurate raters, and over-raters in their reasons for participation in and/or avoidance of competition were investigated. The study comprised 534 secondary school students. The results do not clearly indicate possible benefits of the positive bias; we found that under-rating may have some advantages in the sense of mastery orientation and self-improvement motives (upward comparison) in competitive situations. Concerning other reasons for participation in competition, as well as reasons for avoiding it, students were found to rely more on teachers’ objective measure of academic performance than on the (in)accurate aspect of social comparison information.

Porównania społeczne i ich rola w kształtowaniu zachowań współczesnych konsumentów

86%

Burgiel A. K.

Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio H – Oeconomia

2017

vol. 51

issue 2

People tend to perceive value of their attributes and objects they possess in relative terms, i.e. based on social comparisons. These comparisons shape consumers’ behavior as well as their aspirations, lifestyle, self-esteem and happiness. The aim of the paper was to establish the role of social comparisons in shaping consumers’ behavior and to identify comparative reference groups, in the light of literature and primary research results. The data confim that Polish consumers engage in social comparisons, and some of them do it regularly. Small but signifiant fraction of consumers use effects of comparisons, i.e. knowledge of consumption patterns realized by peer and aspirational groups, while shaping their current and futureconsumption

Ludzie mają skłonność do postrzegania wartości posiadanych przez siebie przedmiotów w kategoriach relatywnych, wynikających z porównań społecznych. Procesy te w istotny sposób kształtują zachowania konsumentów, a także ich aspiracje, styl życia i zadowolenia z różnych jego aspektów. Celem opracowania było ustalenie roli porównań społecznych w kształtowaniu zachowań konsumentów w świetle literatury i wyników badań pierwotnych. Dane dowodzą, że polscy konsumenci dokonują porównań społecznych, a część z nich robi to systematycznie. Mały, ale znaczący odsetek konsumentów korzysta z efektów porównań, robiąc użytek z wiedzy na temat konsumpcji realizowanej przez ich grupy odniesienia podczas planowania własnego spożycia.

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1 Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio H – Oeconomia

1 The New Educational Review

1 Burgiel A. K.

1 Košir K.

1 Šimek D.

1 2017

1 2015

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Motivation for participation in competition and avoidance of competition: the role of the accuracy of comparative self-evaluations of academic performance

Porównania społeczne i ich rola w kształtowaniu zachowań współczesnych konsumentów