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Zvěčnělý šlechetný lidumil architekt Alois Turek. Nadace jako způsob reprezentace nových elit v 19. století

100%
Korbel T.
Moderní dějiny: sborník k dějinám 19. a 20. století (Modern History: Studies into 19th and 20th century history)
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2023
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vol. 31
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issue 1
35-80
EN
The case study deals with the professional and social rise of the Czech architect Alois Turek among the new elite of the 19th century. With the help of the prosopographic method of collective biography of elites, the architect’s changing social and professional profile is monitored in connection with increasing his economic and symbolic (social and cultural) capital and improving his position in the social field. Within his career, his social background, course of education, construction practice and public work are described. The next part of the text deals with Turek’s patronage legacy in the context of the development of the foundation movement in the conditions of the emerging national-civil society of the 19th century.
2
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Doktoranci – grupa wybrana czy przegrana? Prezentacja wniosków studium teoretyczno-empirycznego na temat studiów doktoranckich w Polsce

94%
Kola A. M.
Nauka i Szkolnictwo Wyższe
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2016
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issue 2(48)
175-192
EN
In the academic year 2015/2016, there were more than 40,000 people studying for a Ph.D. in Poland. Set against the scale known from before the education boom of the 1990s, the figure is staggering. The fact that so many young people (not all of them young, as there is no age limit on education opportunities on any level) wish to be ever better educated and work their way up the academic ladder, may well be seen as a positive development. However, if public debate on the matter is anything to go by, it would seem that there are more downsides than advantages to this state of affairs: the devaluation of Master’s degrees, the mass character of the education process and the absence of genuine master-disciple relationships are but few of the disadvantages. Does the university matter, does it inform students’ life choices? It seemed worthwhile to get to know the answers to these questions, using the circumstances of Ph.D. students, their financial status, and the economic, social and cultural capital at their disposal, as reference points. Asking these questions gave me a pretext and a reason to undertake research in Poland as well as the best universities in the world (Harvard University, University of Oxford, Peking University and others). The survey of doctoral students, carried out between 2010 and 2013, is part of a more extensive programme concerning the education of social elites worldwide and bringing about social change. The programme in question comprises a variety of comparative and cultural themes: the manner in which doctoral studies are structured and conducted, the master-disciple relationship (not least in its historical aspect), the quality of education offered, social structure and its determinants. The research cited in the text comes from my book Kształcenie elit społecznych? Studia doktoranckie w Polsce jako forma i potrzeba konstruowania zapoznanego mitu [The Shaping of Social Elites? Doctoral Studies in Poland as a Form of Constructing an Obsolete Myth, and Expressing the Need for such a Myth]. The book is a complete report that covers many more problems and questions about doctoral studies’ system in Poland.
PL
Artykuł prezentuje wnioski z badań dotyczących studiów doktoranckich w Polsce, będących częścią szerzej zakrojonego projektu badawczego na temat kreowania elit społecznych. Celem poznawczym przytaczanych badań był próba opisania i wyjaśnienia faktu społecznego, jakim jest kształcenie elitarne na poziomie wyższym. Z tego powodu należy naszkicować obraz ważneg i dotąd nieopisanego zjawiska na gruncie polskiej edukacji, czyli studiów doktoranckich w ich nowym kształcie. Nieobowiązująca już ustawa o szkolnictwie wyższym z dnia 27 lipca 2005 r. w Dziale IV, w Rozdziale 4 precyzyjnie przedstawiała sposób funkcjonowania studiów doktoranckich, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem praw i obowiązków doktoranta. Dzięki tym regulacjom przypominały one formalnie studia pierwszego i drugiego stopnia. Różnicowało je zaś coś, co można byłoby nazwać ich „misją”. Doktorant bowiem był potencjalnym kandydatem na pracownika naukowego, mającego być w przyszłości członkiem elity intelektualnej. Posiadał on predyspozycje (intelektualne, interpersonalne, społeczne, emocjonalne, a nawet fizyczne) umożliwiające pracę naukową, będące częścią jego kapitałów – społecznego, kulturowego czy finansowego. Od nich, według badaczy problemu stratyfikacji społecznej, zależał sukces życiowy i uniwersytecki, silnie związany z determinacją, motywacjami, ale też wsparciem osób trzecich (głównie promotora). Od 2011 r., a zatem wraz ze zmianą ustawodawstwa, forma kształcenia na poziomie studiów doktoranckich uległa zmianie. By jak najlepiej scharakteryzować fenomen studiów trzeciego stopnia, biorąc pod uwagę ich wartość i zadania, ale też praktykę uniwersytecką, i – być może – wskazać sposoby udoskonalenia tego modelu studiów, należy zasięgnąć opinii tych, którym analizowana forma kształcenia jest oferowana. Z tego powodu przedmiotem badań zostały identyfikacje i orientacje życiowe grupy 31 doktorantów z różnych polskich uniwersytetów, przedstawiane w wywiadach narracyjnych. Całość wniosków z badań zawiera oddana do druku monografia pt. Kształcenie elit społecznych? Studia doktoranckie w Polsce jako forma i potrzeba konstruowania zapoznanego mitu.
3
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“Patavium virum me fecit” – Padova come luogo di formazione delle antiche élite polacche

84%
Tygielski W.
Italica Wratislaviensia
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2021
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issue 12.1
21-46
EN
Using the Atti della Nazione Polacca at the University of Padua as a main source, the author describes the role that this university played in the education of students from the Polish- Lithuanian Commonwealth from the 16 th to 18 th centuries. According to the author’s research, this role was crucial in the 16 th century, when a significant part of Polish elites included a stay at this university in their curriculum. In the 17 th century, the number of students from Poland-Lithuania studying in Padua decreased slowly but continuously, and in the 18 th century, the number was marginal. In the period under discussion, the social structure of this group significantly changed: students looking to acquire knowledge that was necessary for their future professional career were gradually replaced by young men of aristocratic and noble families, for whom a visit in Padua, be it long or short, was only a stage in their educational European "Grand Tour". According to the author, this can be explained by intellectual changes in Polish-Lithuanian society: a general and rather superficial education was gradually preferred to university-based and professionally-provided knowledge. A study of selected travel diaries supplemented and confirmed the results of the presented statistical analysis. All Polish travellers visiting Padua in the 16 th and 17 th centuries described the University and considered it as the most important institution of the city; meetings with compatriot students were also often mentioned. Later on, the University was no longer the obvious subject of the descriptions and 18 th -century travellers often did not even mention it at all. Nevertheless, there is still available evidence that the Polish presence in Padua, although reduced, was visible and important for the city.
IT
Analizzando i registri di immatricolazione della nazione polacca (Metryka nacji polskiej) dell’Università di Padova, pubblicati mezzo secolo fa da Henryk Barycz e Karolina Targosz, l’autore riflette sul ruolo di Padova nel sistema educativo dei giovani polacchi giuntivi a studiare. Sottolineando l’eccellente reputazione dell’università e l’alta qualità del personale docente, mette in luce l’importanza fondamentale del centro di Padova nel processo di educazione delle "élite" intellettuali polacco-lituane nel XVI secolo. Documenta poi la presenza dei nuovi arrivati dalla "Rzeczpospolita", la quale diminuì gradualmente nel corso del XVII secolo e venne quasi a sparire nel XVIII secolo, interrogandosi sulle ragioni del declino del ruolo dell’Università di Padova nel sistema educativo della Polonia antica. L’autore nota inoltre il mutamento della struttura sociale della comunità di studenti, nella quale diminuisce il numero di persone interessate ad acquisire conoscenze e competenze specifiche, che in futuro sarebbero state alla base della loro attività professionale, mentre cresce la rappresentanza di famiglie magnatizie e nobili, per le quali la permanenza a Padova era solo una tappa del Grand Tour, giro di carattere generale, e non strettamente educativo, dei più importanti centri europei. Questa osservazione sembra confermare il graduale cambiamento del modello educativo dei giovani nella Confederazione polacco-lituana e delle aspettative educative nel paese. Le osservazioni, avanzate sulla base di analisi statistiche, vengono confermate dalla lettura dei diari di viaggio, alla luce dei quali l’università, in essi un primo tempo presente, pian piano cessa di essere un punto di riferimento ricorrente ed oggetto di descrizione da parte dei viaggiatori. Allo stesso tempo, però, la costante presenza polacca a Padova viene confermata dalle pagine dei diari, il che sembra indicare che i rapporti tra la Repubblica di Polonia, Padova e l’Università di Padova siano stati mantenuti, anche se probabilmente su una scala minore. Le conseguenze della formazione all’estero delle élite polacco- lituano-rutene rimangono un argomento aperto ed è proprio il caso di Padova che ci invita in modo particolare a riprenderlo e ad approfondirlo.
4
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Wpływ zmian ustrojowych w Niemczech po I wojnie światowej na skład osobowy sejmów prowincjonalnych na Śląsku

83%
Kruszewski T.
Opolskie Studia Administracyjno-Prawne
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2019
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vol. 17
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issue 3
67-88
EN
The author presents the rules of suffrage that were binding in Zweites Reich (The Second Reich), that is the German Empire, during elections to provincial self-government in Prussia and then compares them with the new election law implemented in the Weimar Republic (Weimarer Republik). In this way it is possible to establish the degree of potential changes that influenced the personal composition of provincial parliaments. Upon the analysis of the given lists of deputies it clearly follows that a revolution took place in Germany in November 1918: up to that time the Members of Parliament had represented the elites of the Second Reich, recruiting from, among others, aristocrats, the nobility, state administration officials, municipal elites, high mayors, mayors, other officials of municipal councils and industrialist elites. The majority of these people in Weimar Republic were replaced by party activists, which resulted from the new electoral law.
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