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Johann Peter Frank i Christoph Wilhelm Hufeland jako pionierzy profilaktyki medycznej z XVIII i XIX wieku

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Płonka-Syroka B.

Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki

2018

vol. 63

issue 4

47–70

Vienna University professor J.P. Frank and Berlin University professor Ch.W. Hufeland were pioneers of medical prophylaxis in Europe. Concepts created by them were based on the same ideological grounds (populationism, cameralism) and were in the mainstream of European clinical medicine modernization process. Both authors used the same pathology concept (humoral pathology) explaining diseases origination and their course in organisms. Most of their recommendations in line with prophylaxis were similar. However, there were also differences. J.P. Frank created his public medicine model of prophylaxis as an important factor in Austria where most of its citizens were illiterate at the end of 18th century. He focused on state activities to ensure the efficiency and he recommended police surveillance over it. Ch.W. Hufeland created his prophylaxis concept for the Prussian state where the illiterates were in the minority. He could realistically consider implementation of lifestyle rationalization and personal self-control compliant to clinical medicine in the whole population, not only among the elites. The purpose of the paper is to show the basis of both prophylaxis programmes and context of their creation.

Notes on Bio-History: Michel Foucault and the Political Economy of Health

80%

Chiaramonte X.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Iuridica

2021

vol. 96

111-123

W październiku 1974 roku Foucault wygłosił w Rio de Janeiro trzy wykłady na temat archeologii leczenia. W niniejszej pracy skomentowane zostaną dwa pierwsze, opublikowane kilka lat później we Francji pod oryginalnymi tytułami: Crise de la médicine ou crise de l’antimédicine? oraz La naissance de la médicine sociale. Biohistoria to termin, którego Michel Foucault używa początkowo – w drugim wykładzie – w odniesieniu do skutków silnej interwencji medycznej na poziomie biologicznym, która rozpoczęła się w XVIII wieku i pozostawiła ślad, który jest nadal widoczny w naszym społeczeństwie. To właśnie przy tej okazji Foucault wprowadza do swojej analizy pojęcie, a raczej przedrostek „bio-”, i to właśnie tutaj – jak zostanie pokazane w niniejszej pracy – możemy prześledzić pierwotne znaczenie terminu, który dziś wydaje się raczej nadużywany, jak też znaleźć wartościowe ramy analityczne dla przemyślanego podejścia do badań nad relacją pomiędzy medycyną a dynamiką władzy.

In October 1974, Foucault gave three lectures in Rio de Janeiro on the archeology of the cure. This piece will comment on the first two, published a few years later in France with the original titles: Crise de la médicine ou crise de l’antimédicine? and La naissance de la médicine sociale. Bio-history is the term Michel Foucault initially uses – in the second lecture – to refer to the effect of the strong medical intervention at the biological level that started in the eighteenth century and has left a trace that is still visible in our society. It is on this occasion that Foucault introduces the concept, or rather the prefix “bio-” in his analysis, and it is here – as my reflections intend to demonstrate – that we may trace the original meaning of a term that today seems rather abused and find a valuable analytical framework for a cogent approach to the relationship between medicine and power dynamics.

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1 Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Iuridica

1 Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki

1 Chiaramonte X.

1 Płonka-Syroka B.

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1 2018

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Johann Peter Frank i Christoph Wilhelm Hufeland jako pionierzy profilaktyki medycznej z XVIII i XIX wieku

Notes on Bio-History: Michel Foucault and the Political Economy of Health