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1

Stan kompetencji i sprawności językowej 6‑letniego chłopca z sieroctwem społecznym. Studium porównawcze

100%

Małocha-Pytlak K.

Logopaedica Lodziensia

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2022

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issue 6

175-194

EN

In the medical, psychological, and pedagogical literature it is emphasized that the lack of satisfying the basic psychological needs of a child affects its somatic development, causes disturbances in the emotional sphere, and delays psychomotor development. In various scientific fields, the effects of social orphanhood are already a marginalized topic and only discussed in general terms regarding basic teachings – making these topics in speech therapy especially a novelty. This article deals with the level of competence and language skills of a six‑year‑old boy with social orphan compared to a boy of the same age who is raised with his nuclear family – thus not deprived of his basic physical and emotional needs. A comparative – quantitative analysis based on the Linguistic Development Test and – qualitative analysis was performed, taking into account all language subsystems. The initiated research is includes a new perspective in speech therapy – taking into account the environmental effects on language development and in particular the impact of social orphanhood on the child’s linguistic development.

PL

W literaturze medycznej, psychologicznej i pedagogicznej podkreśla się, że brak zaspokajania podstawowych potrzeb psychicznych dziecka ma wpływ na jego rozwój somatyczny, powoduje zakłócenia w sferze emocjonalnej, opóźnia rozwój psychoruchowy. Kwestie te są poruszane jednak dość ogólnikowo, a wpływ sieroctwa społecznego na językowy rozwój dziecka na gruncie różnych nauk jest traktowany marginalnie – w logopedii stanowiąc swoiste novum. Niniejszy artykuł dotyczy stanu kompetencji i sprawności językowej sześcioletniego chłopca z sieroctwem społecznym w porównaniu do chłopca w tym samym wieku, wychowanego w pełnej rodzinie, bez deprywacji podstawowych potrzeb fizycznych i emocjonalnych. Dokonano analizy porównawczej – ilościowej na podstawie Testu Rozwoju Językowego oraz jakościowej – z uwzględnieniem wszystkich podsystemów języka. Zainicjowane badania są badaniami wyznaczającymi nową perspektywę w logopedii – rozważanie o języku z uwzględnieniem aspektu środowiskowego, a szczególnie wpływ sieroctwa społecznego na rozwój językowy dziecka.

2

Rola placówki opiekuńczo-wychowawczej typu rodzinnego a relacje osób osieroconych z rodzinami i opiekunami

100%

Porąbaniec M., Klimczyk K.

Wychowanie w Rodzinie

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2018

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vol. XVII

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issue (1/2018)

211-224

EN

Aim: The aim of this study is to analyze and interpret the experiences of the pupils of the Family Care Facility in Włoszczowa. Methods: For the purposes of this study, a qualitative method has been used. A narrative analysis was used, which was possible thanks to a partially structured interview, containing specific dispositions of issues. The collected content was necessary for the creation and presentation of a case study. Results: Thanks to the applied research methods, the situation, problems and future plans of young people who have been staying in a care and educational institutions for many years are well known. Selected aspects of orphans’; relationships with their carers were also considered. The research, together with reference to the literature on the subject, allowed us to explore the causes and effects of social orphanage. Conclusions: The inability of the family to perform the functions assigned to it results in the fact that certain institutions are obliged to do so, as exemplified by the Family-type Care and Educational Centre in Włoszczowa. The pupils of this facility enter the stage of adulthood with a lot of difficult experiences, which may hinder their functioning in adult life. Childhood and the period of early youth spent in a care and educational institutions is conducive to the creation of strong relations between the children and their caregivers. It should be stressed, however, that the described organisation is not an alternative to a natural family, which is not so much unattainable, but incorrect from the point of view of the role that rests on the existence of individual forms of foster care.

PL

Cel: Celem niniejszej pracy jest analiza i interpretacja poznanych doświadczeń wychowanków Placówki Opiekuńczo-Wychowawczej typu Rodzinnego we Włoszczowie. Metody: Na potrzeby niniejszych badań zastosowano metodę jakościową. Posłużono się analizą narracyjną, możliwą dzięki przeprowadzeniu wywiadu częściowo ustrukturyzowanego, zawierającego określone dyspozycje zagadnień. Zgromadzone treści były niezbędne w stworzeniu i przedstawieniu studium indywidualnych przypadków. Wyniki: Dzięki zastosowanym metodom badawczym poznano sytuację, problemy, a także plany na przyszłość młodzieży, która od wielu lat przebywa w placówce opiekuńczo-wychowawczej. Rozważono również wybrane aspekty dotyczące relacji osób osieroconych z ich opiekunami. Badania, wraz z odwołaniem do literatury tematu, pozwoliły zgłębić przyczyny i skutki sieroctwa społecznego Wnioski: Niemożność realizowania przez rodzinę przypisanych jej funkcji powoduje, iż zobligowane zostają do tego określone placówki, czego przykładem może być Placówka Opiekuńczo-Wychowawcza typu Rodzinnego we Włoszczowie. Wychowankowie tego miejsca wkraczają w etap dorosłości z bagażem licznych trudnych doświadczeń, co może utrudniać ich funkcjonowanie w dorosłym życiu. Dzieciństwo i okres wczesnej młodości spędzone w placówce opiekuńczo-wychowawczej sprzyja wytworzeniu silnych relacji wychowanków z ich opiekunami. Należy jednak podkreślić, że opisywana placówka nie stanowi alternatywy dla rodziny naturalnej, co jest nie tyle nieosiągalne, co nieprawidłowe z punktu widzenia roli, jaka spoczywa na istnieniu poszczególnych form pieczy zastępczej.

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Przyczyny sieroctwa rodzinnego w świetle badań ogólnopolskich

70%

Janowska H.

Archiwum Kryminologii

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1982

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issue VIII-IX

233-270

EN

The study contains the results of an empirical research carried out in Poland devoted to the macro- and microsocial conditions of family orphanhood. In the first stage (1978), 97% of the population of all children’s homes, inhabited at the time of the study by 24,000 persons, were examined, and in the second stage (1980), 2.1% of this population were examined (520 persons, which made the sample representative of the country). The notion of family orphanhood was introduced in the study to describe the situation of children who are under care of State institutions due to the lack of care in their own families. The notion of social orphanhood is thus limited - in this formulation - to the situation when the State, in spite of negligence of basic parental duties by the parents, has not yet taken over the care of the child. The extent of social orphanhood in Poland is rated at approximately 10% of the population of children and young people aged 0-17. The extent of family orphanhood is rated at approximately 5 promile in the age group 4-18. The growth of family orphanhood shows the triple increase of the phenomenon during the last 20 years. At the time of the study, 58% of family orphans were in State; children's homes. From the point of view of the research tasks, this group of children and young persons was considered the most representative, as the principles of placing children under other forms of care (that is, for instance, foster homes, family children's homes, centres for school education and special educational institutions for socially maladjusted children and young people) are based on particular criteria of selection. Below a summary of the results of the study is presented. The greatest intensity of family orphanhood and crime can be found in the western and northern regions of Poland. As revealed by the statistical analysis, the intensity of these phenomena in various parts of the country is significantly correlated. Their joint source are the by-products of social changes. In the social conditions promoting the phenomenon of anomy, the group patterns of deviant behavior may reach broader social circles; the tendency to perceive that behavior as contradictory to the norms diminishes then. This tendency concerns criminal behavior to a much greater extent than the behavior from which the family orphanhood results. Thus the growth of social orphanhood measured indirectly (for instance, by the rate of care and protection cases in courts), seems to be more diagnostic as a ratio of increase of pathogenic social phenomena than as an index of reported crime. The growth of pathogenic social phenomena can be studied indirectly by means of a structure analysis of attributes of the population selected in a particular way. The structure of particular attributes of the population of institutions for children and juveniles varies significantly according to the intensity of the pathogenic social phenomena in different parts of the country. In the voivodships where this intensity is greater, a higher percentage of children under psychiatric care or those whose parents have been deprived of their parental rights, is to be found significantly more frequently; the distributions of frequency in the separate age groups are random in the examined population. In the voivodships where the ratio of pathogenic social phenomena is lower, the most numerous age group is that of 13-15, which means that - more often than in the remaining voivodships - the important reason for sending children to institutions are their educational problems connected with puberty, and not a generally worse situation of the families which would cause sending children to institutions regardless of their age. On the microsocial scale, the main cause of family orphanhood is the disorganization of the family related to the individual and social characteristics of the parents. Taking into account the level of disorders in the social behavior and that of disturbances in emotional relations between the members of the family, 4 categories of families were distinguished in the population examined. The majority are the families disturbed both in their social functions and in emotional relations; there were as many as 78.2% of them among 5200 families. The families which, however undisturbed, were educationally inefficient for other objective reasons (financial problems, housing problems, illness, disability, death of one parent were 7.1% of the cases. There were also 8.5% of the families with only emotional relations disturbed, and 6.3% of those with only social behavior disturbed. Thus the majority, that is, as much as 84.5% of the children were brought up in criminogenic environment. 75.3% of fathers and 55% of mothers were regularly drinking excessively; alcoholism was found in 55.6% of fathers and 19.6% of mothers; 66.6% of the mothers’ friends who lived together with the family were heavy drinkers. The high percentage of drinking mothers in those families should be noted. Lack of a permanent employment was found among 27.6% of fathers and 41% of mothers. Due to their alcoholism and poor professional training, a considerable part of the children's guardians found it difficult to obtain and keep a job. Until the time of the study, 15% of fathers and 6% of mothers had already been imprisioned; no reliable information was gathered as to their previous criminal records. Professional prostitution was found among 12% of mothers, while sexual promiscuity among as many as 40%. The instability of emotional bonds is a striking feature of the families examined. Only 1/3 of the parents are married. In 53% of the cases, the parents admittedly live together, but one of them is temporarily absent due to imprisonment or stay in a mental hospital, which are the most frequent reasons. 73% of the families live in very difficult financial conditions, 61% have serious housing problems. A very poor state of health (serious chronic diseases) was found in 18% of fathers and 23% of mothers. Health and physical development of children and youths in children’s homes are distinctly worse than the average in the country. Their height in 49,3% of the cases does not reach the age norm, the respective percentage in the case of weight being 42%. A half of the children had suffered from serious diseases, as shown by 48.6% of the cases of hospitalization. In as much as 17% of the children the past or present diseases are connected with damages of the central nervous system or with functional changes which reflect on their mental functions (cerebral concussion, epilepsy, acute neuroses). 17% of the ailments and diseases are immediately related to grave neglect (untreated advanced form of tuberculosis, effects of accidents). Congenital defects are found in 5% of cases. In the group of family orphans, the types of mental deficiency and personality disorders which impede the normal social functions can be found more frequently than in the entire population of children and young people. Only 56% of the children came within the limits of the normal intelligence level. The symptoms of nervousness - more or less intense - were observed among as many as 90% of them. There were only 13% of the children without any disturbances of behavior (that is, inhibition, increased kinetic restlessness, timidity, emotional sensitivity, aggressiveness etc.). Developmental deficiencies were found in as many as 84% of the children; the most frequent were those in the sphere of the development of visual (34.5%) and auditory (22.3%) functions, the least frequent were the disturbances of speech (13.8%). Deviant behavior is more frequent among the concerned population than in the entire population of children and youths in respective age groups. The following three types of behavior proving the threat of demoralization were found: behavior connected with school maladjustment, with environmental maladjustment against the background of defective emotional relations (excluding the one based on emotional disorders of the passive type, like inhibition, timidity, etc.) and delinquent behavior or that pointing to disturbed socialization. The most frequent are the types of behavior revealing school, maladjustment (41.4%), those revealing distrubances of emotional relations (28%), and the least frequent are types of behavior of deliquent character or pointing to disturbed socialization. It is worthy of notice that the intensity of behavior of the first and third types markedly decreases in the children’s homes, while in the case: of the second type, that is of behavior revealing disturbances of the emotional sphere, the decrease is much less visible. In the conditions of the children’s home the emotional compensation, which is an important problem, is difficult to solve.

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1 Archiwum Kryminologii

1 Logopaedica Lodziensia

1 Wychowanie w Rodzinie

1 Janowska H.

1 Klimczyk K.

1 Małocha-Pytlak K.

1 Porąbaniec M.

1 2022

1 2018

1 1982

Stan kompetencji i sprawności językowej 6‑letniego chłopca z sieroctwem społecznym. Studium porównawcze

Rola placówki opiekuńczo-wychowawczej typu rodzinnego a relacje osób osieroconych z rodzinami i opiekunami

Przyczyny sieroctwa rodzinnego w świetle badań ogólnopolskich