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EN
The paper proposes a systematization of the results of the review of publications on security issues in the social sciences and humanities, which allowed several major areas of research and also deals with construction of a structural-functional model of social security as an indicator of generalized social homeostasis, created as a result of balancing the functions of basic social institutions. First, the author applied structural functionalism and neofunctionalism as dominant methodology for interpretation of social security as a social institution controlling homeostasis and social sustainability of the social environment while maintaining constancy intrasystem parameters. Second, there was determined inequivalence of different types of social security in providing social homeostasis by their correlation with the four types of social subsystems (institutions): semantic, reproductive, regulatory and transmission. The paper argued that the leading role in ensuring social homeostasis plays meaning (religious, ideological, cultural) subsystems, corresponding to the value stabilization of society and to ensure the legitimacy of the social order as a whole. At the same time, the article emphasizes that meanings and values produced by these institutions’ subjects (actors) initially embedded through socialization and communication (transmission) subsystems and are subject to secondary fixation at the level of social action through regulatory social institutions (politics, law). The final element of social security is to ensure the homeostasis of the lowest level of social order (institutes of economics and the family). The author justified the position on the understanding of the social security system as independent institution one within the framework of the two models of the social world: systematic and stochastic. The author’s opinion that we have to say about the dependence of social security as a social institution controlling homeostasis of social actors who receive leadership mapping of social reality. It is indicated that the system map of the social world meets modernist paradigm of sociological theorizing, which is characteristic for the consideration of social security as a factor of change that promotes social cohesion, rather than its decay. Whereas stochastic map of the social world corresponds to a postmodern paradigm, main characteristic feature of which is looking at and perception of social security as part of polycentric social reality.
PL
Celem rozważań jest ocena założeń funkcjonującego prawie dwa lata rządowego programu „Rodzina 500+” na przykładzie gminy wiejskiej Lelów – w oparciu o dane empiryczne (m.in. wywiad, ankieta i analiza dokumentów), w kontekście pierwotnych założeń jego twórców. Część badawcza artykułu osadzona została w niewielkiej miejscowości wiejskiej, położonej w województwie śląskim. Świadczenie wychowawcze będące przedmiotem rozważań funkcjonuje od 1 kwietnia 2016 roku i już wraz z pomysłem na jego ustanowienie pojawiło się wiele kontrowersji. Autorki poszukują odpowiedzi na pytanie, kto jest głównym beneficjentem wsparcia, czy trafia ono do rodzin najbardziej potrzebujących, czy też nie, oraz jakie są krótkofalowe, a jakie mogą być długofalowe efekty wprowadzonego rozwiązania. Czy są zgodne z politycznymi oczekiwaniami wobec programu i jego celem, czy też prowadzą do utrwalenia się negatywnych tendencji na rynku pracy.
EN
The aim of the considerations is to assess the assumptions of the nearly 2-year government program “Family 500+” based on the example of the rural village of Lelów. Considerations are based on empirical data (including: interview, questionnaire and document analysis), in the context of the original assumptions of the program creators. The research part of the article was placed in a small rural village, located in the Silesia region. The provision “Family 500+” that is being discussed is functioning from April 1, 2016 and already with the idea of its establishment a lot of controversy arose. The authors are looking for the answers to the question of who is the main beneficiary of support, whether it goes to the most needy families or not, and what are short-term, and what can be the long-term effects of the implemented solution? Are they in line with the political expectations of the program and its purpose, or do they lead to the consolidation of negative trends in the labor market?
PL
W artykule podjęto próbę obrony tezy, że wątki obecne w idei nauk o polityce publicznej są bardzo zbliżone do tego, co było artykułowane jako sedno naukowego podejścia do polityki społecznej. Argumentacja będzie przebiegała od pokazania, że pojęcia polityki publicznej i polityki społecznej mają wspólny rdzeń semantyczny, a w klasyfi kacjach tej pierwszej można odnaleźć tę drugą. Gdy przejdziemy od rozważań definicyjno-klasyfikacyjnych do dyskusji o istocie naukowego podejścia do polityki publicznej lub społecznej, wówczas zobaczymy kolejne wspólne wątki. Jednym z kluczowych jest orientacja socjotechniczna, w szczególności jej trzon w postaci modelu racjonalnego rozwiązywania problemów z uwzględnianiem zagadnienia wartości. Po wykazaniu, że pod względem pojęciowym i metodologicznym mamy do czynienia z pojęciami i podejściami bardzo bliskimi, przedstawiony zostanie ostatni argument, czyli teoria i badania polityki społecznej jako nauki i praktyki inspirowane przez teorie i badania polityki publicznej (oraz governance, czyli rządzenia).
EN
The main point of the argument is that for social policy researchers it is useful to recognize the importance of a public policy paradigm. Especially suited for that purpose is Harold Lasswell’s school of thought originated from a policy sciences idea with a strong value orientation. Polish tradition of sociotechnics represented in the works of Adam Podgórecki shares many features with policy sciences, except one. It was designed as a value neutral tool for an effective social action. Concepts, theories and measures developed in policy studies and policy analysis are of a direct relevance to science on and for social policy. The author shows how the very concepts of social policy and public policy are interconnected. Also the classifi cations of public policy explicitly consisting social policy were presented. Sociotechnics as a part of social policy and public policy thinking seem to be a clear link between the two. Assuming that social policy is not value neutral it should be considered as closer to policy sciences. Metatheoretical analysis of the latter is a useful tool for theory and research on Polish science on and for social policy. Application of theories and concepts developed in policy sciences and studies inspired by them were also shown. Offi cial introduction of sciences on public policy into Polish law on sciences could be deemed as an important opportunity and challenge for social policy theory, research and forms of institutionalization.
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