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Determining Social Capital by Social Accounting

100%

Friedrich P.

Oeconomia Copernicana

2015

vol. 6

issue 1

47-73

Although social capital has been often debated in the last 20 years, there is a widely accepted definition missing and the approaches to measuring its size are not very well-developed. Therefore, the definitions of social capital are stated and analysed, whether they are appropriately designed also for measurement purposes. We end up with a division between capital consisting of real capital as fixed and working capital and financial capital on the one hand, and capitals, which are referring to human capital and social capital in a narrow sense on the other hand. The last two are named here as social capital. The stock of the first kind of capital can be expressed as net capital when the liabilities are deducted is booked to the final social balance, as well as the remainder of the stock accounts. The stock of the second one can be identified as social assets reduced by social liabilities. Non-commercial values of economic activities are gathered in social account-ing. With social accounting there are several approaches, however most of them are not developed to such an extent that the social capital can be determined through an adequate ex-post analysis. A welfare economic oriented approach comprising a bookkeeping system helps to determine social capital. Based on the willingness to pay approach a commercial bookkeeping system and an additional social bookkeeping were designed where the respective “private” and additional social capital were verified. Both together show the total social capital related to an economic subject. The result is illustrated by such a social accounting for the Faculty of Economics and Business Administration of the University of Tartu for 2006. The author discusses the limits and possibilities of this kind of social capital determination.

Rola identyfikacji w procesie integracji młodzieży ze specjalnymi potrzebami edukacyjnymi w społeczeństwie.

51%

Klopota O.

Forum Pedagogiczne

2014

issue 2

73-80

W artykule zaprezentowano rolę identyfikacji w procesie społecznej integracji młodzieży ze specjalnymi potrzebami edukacyjnymi. Wyniki pracy podzielono na dwie części. W pierwszej dokonano charakterystyki relacji panujących w szkole ponadgimnazjalnej dla dzieci ze specjalnymi potrzebami edukacyjnymi. W drugiej części opisano społeczną i psychologiczną adaptację osób ze specjalnymi potrzebami edukacyjnymi do środowiska młodzieży. Dowiedziono, że stereotypowe postrzeganie młodego człowieka przez innych jako „niepełnosprawnego” utrwala jego negatywne spojrzenie na otaczający go świat i ludzi. Natomiast identyfikacja z osobowymi przykładami pozytywnych doświadczeń ma dodatni wpływ na zamierzoną integrację w ramach społeczności młodzieży ze specjalnymi potrzebami edukacyjnymi. Upatruje się w tym sposób na budowanie poczucia własnej wartości, wiary w siebie, umacnianie kontaktów społecznych, samorealizację i osiągnięcie społecznego sukcesu młodych ludzi.

The article examines the role of identification in the process of integration of young people with special educational needs into the society. The study results are divided into two parts: the first, in which the characteristics of the relationships within senior secondary schools for people with special educational needs are determined, and the second, in which the assessment of socio-psychological adaptation of persons with special educational needs in the youth environment is provided. It has been proved that while the stereotypical treatment of others as “defective” reinforces the negative perception of the world and people by the young man, the identification with those of successful experiences will have a positive impact on the prospective integration into the society of young people with special educational needs. The latter can be considered a means of developing a positive self-esteem, self-confidence, encouraging social interaction, gaining self-fulfillment and making social success by the young people.

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1 Forum Pedagogiczne

1 Oeconomia Copernicana

1 Friedrich P.

1 Klopota O.

1 2015

1 2014

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Determining Social Capital by Social Accounting

Rola identyfikacji w procesie integracji młodzieży ze specjalnymi potrzebami edukacyjnymi w społeczeństwie.