In the modern world there is a growing reflection on the essence of the relationship between the state and society, which is regulated in according to the principle of subsidiarity. This principle is based on the positive assumption that society – its citizens and social communities – should develop their activities and that the state should help them and intervene when necessary. In this way, the principle of subsidiarity is formulated both in secular law and in the social doctrine of the Catholic Church. In the latter case, this is one of the key issues presented in the papal encyclicals.
Ecological issues have been present in the official social teaching of the Catholic Church for many years. It was in particular Pope Francis’ encyclical Laudato si’, devoted to environmental issues, that brought forth a huge response worldwide. The primary aim of this study is to search for answers to the following questions: What is the attitude of Polish Catholicism to the social teaching of the Catholic Church with regard to ecology? What is the extent of the awareness of the ecological crisis? What causes are indicated and what proposals for change are formulated? Are representatives of contemporary Polish Catholicism unanimous in their statements referring to ecology or can significant differences between them be indicated? The analysis was conducted on statements made by representatives of contemporary Polish Catholicism and found in documents of the institutional Church and in official public utterances. An important subject of research was also the analysis of publications referring to ecological issues in influential Catholic magazines, i.e. Niedziela, Gość Niedzielny Przewodnik Katolicki, Tygodnik Powszechny and Więź i Znak. Based on the statements analysed, it can be concluded that ecological issues are treated with great attention. The majority of the opinions published agree that ecological threats are extremely important and require a reaction; however, there are still some representatives of Polish Catholicism that approach these issues with some reservations and a great deal of caution, especially with regard to statements and actions instigated by eco-activists. Some differences can also be seen in the context of the main causes of the environmental crisis and the choice of methods and tools for changing the situation as indicated in the statements. When reporting on the social teaching of the Catholic Church concerning ecological issues, other components of this teaching are often emphasized and given various interpretations. These differences are visible both in the context of statements made by representatives of the institutional Church and in the comments and opinions published in the above-mentioned magazines.
The author of the paper focuses on the discrepancies between the new feminism and the practice of the institutional Church. New feminism is approached here as an inherent part of the contemporary social teaching of the Catholic Church. Its practice is analyzed on the examples of statements uttered by Church officials as concerns the role of women in the Church, and the concrete activities and decisions of the institutional Church. The author seeks the reasons for these discrepancies in tradition, on the one hand, and on the other, in the fear of losing power.
PL
Autorka artykułu koncentruje się na rozbieżnościach między założeniami nowego feminizmu a praktyką Kościoła instytucjonalnego. Nowy feminizm traktowany jest tutaj jako immanentna część współczesnej nauki społecznej Kościoła katolickiego. Natomiast praktyka Kościoła instytucjonalnego została przeanalizowana w oparciu o przykłady wypowiedzi hierarchów na temat udziału kobiet w Kościele oraz konkretne działania i decyzje Kościoła instytucjonalnego. Przyczyn tychże rozbieżności autorka upatruje, z jednej strony, w tradycji, z drugiej – w obawie o utratę władzy.
The article deals with the conditions of the contemporary crisis of marriage as a specific situation in which all the constitutional features of marriage like its durability, fertility, public character and the fact that it is the relation of two people of different sex, are being questioned. Nevertheless, the author claims that the crisis can be used as a developing opportunity and sketches the assumptions of the social reactivation of marriage as a task for Christians.
PL
Artykuł omawia uwarunkowania współczesnego kryzysu małżeństwa jako sytuacji szczególnej polegającej na tym, że kwestionowane są wszystkie konstytutywne cechy małżeństwa: jego trwałość, płodność, publiczny charakter oraz to, że jest związkiem dwojga osób różnej płci. Autor uznaje, że mimo wszystko kryzys można starać się wykorzystać jako szansę rozwojową, i kreśli założenia społecznej reaktywacji małżeństwa, uznając że jest ona zadaniem chrześcijan.
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