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Social variables and Turkish subject pronoun use in New York City: The effect of language contact

100%
Koç D. K.
Poznań Studies in Contemporary Linguistics
|
2016
|
vol. 52
|
issue 3
431-453
EN
Over recent years a great deal of attention has been paid to the influence of social variables on the usage of subject personal pronouns (SPP) in South and Central America as well as in immigrant communities in the USA (Avila-Jiménez 1996; Bayley and Pease-Álvarez 1997; Flores-Ferrán 2004; Labov 1963; Labov 1972; Otheguy and Lapidus 2005a; Otheguy, Zentella and Livert 2007; Silva Corvalán 1994); however, sociolinguistic research on the variable use of SPPs in Turkish communities living in the USA remains scarce. The present study examines the effect of several social variables on the usage of SPPs in the speech of 20 Turkish speakers living in New York City (NYC) and 20 in Turkey. The sample consisted of speakers who were between the ages of 20 and 80. Data analysis involved independent samples t-test, Anovas and linear regression analyses of social variables. The social variables that were analyzed were residence, gender, social class, age, age of arrival in NYC, length of residence in NYC and so forth. The results showed that residence, age of arrival, age and Turkish spoken with a father were the significant variables. The results are discussed with respect to language contact influence from English on Turkish.
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Exploring the Status of Voiceless Labiovelar Fricative /ʍ/ in Contemporary American English

86%
Walczak D.
Research in Language
|
2024
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vol. 22
|
issue 1
24-37
EN
The study attempts to investigate the current status of the voiceless labiovelar fricative /ʍ/ in American English with reference to selected sociolinguistic variables, such as age, regional background, formality of the speech and prestige. The study comprises 17 subjects and 34 recordings of their speech – two recordings of a different level of formality per each speaker. All of the analyzed recordings are available online. The analysis focuses on wh-words, such as e.g. why, while, whale or white. In the first part of the study, the number of wh-context words in each speech is juxtaposed with the actual production of the researched variable. The second part of the study concentrates on the comparison of the obtained qualitative data with selected social variables. The results of the study may not only broaden the understanding of the voiceless labiovelar fricative use in American English but may also have pedagogical implications to whether the variable should be included in the phonetic courses on American English.
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