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МІЖНАРОДНЕ ВІДЛУННЯ СУСПІЛЬНО-ПОЛІТИЧНОЇ КРИЗИ 1956 РОКУ В ПОЛЬЩІ

100%

Antypova O.

Міжнародні зв’язки України: наукові пошуки і знахідки

2018

issue 27

The article is devoted to highlighting the position and actions of various political forces and the world community regarding the socio-political processes in Poland in the mid-1950’s. In world history, 1956 was marked by significant historical events in countries of Europe, Asia, Africa and America. Especially deep changes occurred in the Soviet block. The Polish October (the first socio-political crisis in the Polish People’s Republic) occupies a significant place in the social and political life and in the international relations of the countries of Central and Eastern Europe in the mid-1950 s. The study of the events of 1956 in the Polish People’s Republic as a phenomenon of domestic political and international life becomes particularly relevant due to geopolitical changes in Central and Eastern Europe, which took place at the end of the twentieth century. An analysis of the reaction of leading world powers to the events in Poland suggests that the Polish October played a significant role in relations between the western countries and the USSR, as well as in a certain change of the latter’s policy towards to the countries of the socialist bloc. On the whole, Polish October weakened international tension. A certain balance of power was established on the international scene. The peaceful overcoming of the crisis in Poland solved the problem of stabilizing the situation in the center of the confrontation of the two military-political blocs. A comprehensive analysis of the events of 1956 in Poland indicates a systemic crisis in the countries of the Soviet bloc. The Polish socio-political crisis is not only a top priority in the history of Poland, but also acquired world significance. The peculiarity of Poland’s October is that crisis phenomena, exacerbated within the country and reinforced by foreign policy factors, were resolved peacefully. It was precisely this event that helped to maintain a delicate balance between Western countries and the USSR. For the global world, the Polish events of 1956 did not start the change in the East-West coordinate system, but they significantly influenced the political climate in Europe. The experience of solving international problems accumulated in this period became the basis of the construction of international relations on the European continent, which retained its main features almost until the end of the 1960’s and subsequently found its embodiment in the policy of détente.

Development Stages of Countries with Transition Economy: Encountered Problems, Realised Reforms and Obtained Achievements

84%

Aliyev S.

Kwartalnik Naukowy Uczelni Vistula

2015

issue 4(46)

5-17

The countries that gained independence after the collapse of the socialist bloc were directed from the central planning management system towards the free market economy and were called as the countries with transition economy until they completed this process. Though these countries started nearly at the same time and had the same targets, they achieved different results within the last twenty-five years. The reason is having different historical past, geographical location, human and natural resources, social and demographic features. The above-mentioned differences affected the quality of reforms in different degrees and consequently, though the transition process was completed for some countries, it was revealed that the road to be overcome was long. Generally, the transition process was very difficult for every country and the set tasks were achieved after a long period. Therefore, while explaining the mentioned process the same chronological sequence is followed without taking into consideration different features of the countries. The mentioned process was investigated in details in the present article.

Kraje, które uzyskały niepodległość po rozpadzie bloku socjalistycznego, przechodzące z centralnego systemu planowania gospodarki do gospodarki wolnorynkowej, aż do momentu ukończenia tego procesu, nazywa się krajami z gospodarką przejściową. Kraje te, mimo że rozpoczęły reformy w tym samym czasie i miały podobne cele, w ostatnich 25 latach uzyskały zupełnie inne wyniki. Powodem tego jest fakt, że były to kraje, które mają bardzo różną przeszłość historyczną, położenie geograficzne, zasoby ludzkie i naturalne oraz społeczno-demograficzne. Wyżej wymienione różnice w odmienny sposób wpłynęły na jakość procesu transformacji. Podczas gdy niektórym krajom udało się skutecznie zakończyć proces transformacji, inne nadal znajdują się w procesie przebudowy. Ogólnie rzecz biorąc, proces transformacji jest procesem bardzo trudnym dla każdego kraju i postawione cele zostają osiągnięte dopiero po długich latach zmagań. W artykule szczegółowo omówiono proces powyższych przemian.

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1 Kwartalnik Naukowy Uczelni Vistula

1 Міжнародні зв’язки України: наукові пошуки і знахідки

1 Aliyev S.

1 Antypova O.

1 2018

1 2015

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МІЖНАРОДНЕ ВІДЛУННЯ СУСПІЛЬНО-ПОЛІТИЧНОЇ КРИЗИ 1956 РОКУ В ПОЛЬЩІ

Development Stages of Countries with Transition Economy: Encountered Problems, Realised Reforms and Obtained Achievements