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PL
The aim of the article is to present and analyze the selected phraseologisms with a somatic component naming feelings which were noted down from the novel of Władysław Stanisław Reymont entitled Chłopi (“The Peasants”). The analysis comprised 175 examples excerpted from the text, constituting just a part of collected research material. Compilation and organization of the exemplary material made it possible to assert that in the studied text the largest group constitute somatic phraseologisms being the designations of negative feelings and possessing in their lexical composition the noun serce (heart). Much less often there appear phraseologisms with other names of body parts, such as skóra (skin), gardziel (throat), głowa (head) or włosy (hair). In most cases the studied somatic phraseologisms occur in the canonical form, sometimes are creatively transformed by the author. In the studied material, the somatic phraseologisms designating positive feelings constitute a less numerous group. Also in this group, there dominate the compounds with a component serce (heart), while with other somatic components are less numerous. Also in this group, the idiomatic phrases occur in canonical forms or are creatively transformed by the author. Research conducted in the group of somatic phraseologisms designating emotional states enabled scholars to state that the novel of Reymont provides rich phraseological material in the form of canonical compounds, functionally justified innovation and metaphorical expressions, which, with respect to their structure and function, resemble phraseologisms. Among the phraseologisms where the writer’s intervention is noticeable, the author-at the level of language-refers to the world of values and cultural behaviours of peasant community of the village of Lipce. What is more, referring in the description of feelings to somatic phraseology, Reymont also emphasises a vital relationship between subjectively experienced feelings and an accompanying physiological reaction by an organism.
EN
The naive anatomy of the Kazakhs, the nomadic Turkic people, has evolved over millennia and is based on knowledge about the anatomy of animals. Various mental properties, emotions are attributed to the internal organs of a person, which is reflected in the metaphorical and metonymic use of their names and idioms. The article examines the somatism jurek (‘heart’) in the Kazakh naive anatomy which denotes the second most important internal organ, giving way to the primacy of the liver, the most important organ from the point of view of nomads. The carriers of Russian-speaking and English-speaking cultures consider the heart as the most important internal organ. The complex of meaningful features is determined, showing the universality of the conceptualization of jurek/ serdtse/ heart, while a number of descriptors demonstrate the peculiarity of the naive-anatomical views of the Kazakhs.
EN
The article presents the results of a comparative analysis of the paremiological units which represent the concept of “love,” conducted on the material consisting of lexicographic sources of the Russian and Polish languages. It is concluded that there is a significant number of parallel expressions whose elements coincide or are close in semantic structure in the field of Russian and Polish paremiological units. This is explained by many extralinguistic factors. We associate the differences in the representation of the concept of “love” with the national originality of the mentality, specific features of historical development, features of the material and spiritual culture of the two nations.
PL
W artykule przedstawione zostały wyniki analizy porównawczej jednostek paremicznych zawierających pojęcie „miłość”. Badanie przeprowadzono na materiale pochodzącym ze źródeł leksykograficznych języka rosyjskiego i polskiego. Stwierdzono w nim występowanie dużej liczby wyrażeń równoległych, których semantyka wykazuje znaczną zbieżność lub istotne podobieństwo w obu porównywanych językach. Wyjaśnienie tego zjawiska znajduje oparcie w czynnikach pozajęzykowych. Różnice w reprezentacji pojęcia „miłość” kojarzone są z narodową specyfiką mentalności, osobliwymi cechami rozwoju historycznego, a także charakterem kultury materialnej i duchowej narodów.
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