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Analysis of the Crime rate in Poland in Spatial and Temporal Terms

100%
Kądziołka K.
Central and Eastern European Journal of Management and Economics (CEEJME)
|
2016
|
issue 1
81-96
EN
The paper evaluates the crime rate in Poland in spatial and temporal terms. The methods of spatial statistics were employed to identify the clusters of areas with above-average intensity of the selected categories of crimes. Poviats were divided into four groups according to their location in the quadrants of Moran scatter plot. The spatial lag model was used to identify certain spatial relationships between general crime rate and the selected factors recognised in the literature as factors that affect crime. The initial set of potential independent variables was selected arbitrarily. Then Ward's method was used to reduce the number of correlated variables. The following factors were found to significantly explain spatial variation of crime rate in the poviats of Poland: the intensity of crime in the surrounding areas, urbanisation, percentage of single-person households, divorce’s coefficient, gross migration per 1000 population and provided accommodation per 1000 population. The analysis also involved the structure and dynamics of crimes recorded in Poland. It was pointed out that the changes in law, the development of information technology and the increase the level of education significantly affected the number and structure of the crimes recorded in police statistics.
2
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Application of Spatial Regression in Employment Characteristics Modelling

67%
Pośpiech E. K., Mastalerz-Kodzis A.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica
|
2018
|
vol. 3
|
issue 335
63-74
PL
W artykule analizowano zagadnienie poziomu zatrudnienia. Zbadano stopę zatrudnienia w wybranych regionach Europy, a następnie dla wybranych zmiennych – ludność pracująca ogółem, pracujące kobiety oraz pracujący mężczyźni – zbudowano klasyczne modele ekonometryczne i zweryfikowano konieczność uwzględnienia w modelowaniu badanego zjawiska czynnika przestrzennego. Jako zmienne objaśniające modelu wybrano zmienne demograficzne oraz PKB na mieszkańca. Badano, czy uwzględnienie w konstrukcji modeli podejścia przestrzennego poprawi ich jakość. W rozważaniach wzięto pod uwagę dwa podstawowe modele przestrzenne – model błędu przestrzennego oraz model opóźnienia przestrzennego, spośród których ten pierwszy okazał się dobrym narzędziem analiz.
EN
The article analyses the employment characteristics. The employment rate was studied in selected regions of Europe, and subsequently, for selected variables: total population employed, women employed and men employed, classic econometric models were constructed and the necessity of including the spatial factor in the process of modelling was verified. The demographic variables and GDP per capita were chosen as explaining variables of the model. It was analysed whether including a spatial approach in the models would improve their quality. Two basic spatial models were taken into consideration: the spatial error model and the spatial lag model, the former of which turned out to be the right tool for the analyses.
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