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Specialized Knowledge Representation: from Terms to Frames

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Faber P., Cabezas-García M.
Research in Language
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2019
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vol. 17
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issue 2
197-211
EN
Understanding specialized discourse requires the identification and activation of knowledge structures underlying the text. The expansion and enhancement of knowledge is thus an important part of the specialized translation process (Faber 2015). This paper explores how the analysis of terminological meaning can be addressed from the perspective of Frame-Based Terminology (FBT) (Faber 2012, 2015), a cognitive approach to domain-specific language, which directly links specialized knowledge representation to cognitive linguistics and cognitive semantics. In this study, context expansion was explored in a three-stage procedure: from single terms to multi-word terms, from multi-word terms to phrases, and from phrases to frames. Our results showed that this approach provides valuable insights into the identification of the knowledge structures underlying specialized texts.
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The Challenge of Terminographic Gaps in Translation: a Text-Based Approach Put to Practice

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Mehrpooya A., Moinzadeh A., Dabaghi A.
Research in Language
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2018
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vol. 16
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issue 2
243-261
EN
The issue of terminographic gaps in specialized discourses has always concerned the researchers and readers alike. However, due to the interlingual nature of such a technical issue, the need for interdisciplinary collaboration between translation and terminography seems to be in prospect. For such a reciprocation scheme to come into practical effect, the present study has aimed to conduct a translational-terminographic concerto by putting a specialized English text to the test of Persian translation. This has been done to answer the question if a translator is required to provide for any terminological gap once all attempts at finding the corresponding terminological items have failed. In this pursuit, certain workable criteria for terminographic proposition via translation have been discussed. As such, the practical phase of this study concerns itself with addressing the issue of Persian terminological gaps in a language-related metadiscoursal field and consequently detecting the problem zones of non-equivalence in a specialised text carefully selected for translation. Ultimately, a list of Persian terminological items constructed on the basis of the proposed translational-cum-terminographical scheme is compiled to address the identified terminological gaps in the target metadiscourse under study.
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Obraz pacjenta w opisach przypadku z psychologii / psychiatrii na tle opisów z dziedzin kliniczno-diagnostycznych. Studium kontrastywne wybranych elementów narracyjnych

58%
Zabielska M., Żelazowska-Sobczyk M.
Polonica
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2021
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vol. 41
61-80
EN
The aim of the current paper is to characterize particular parts of a section / sections of clinico-diagnostic case reports in comparison with the reports derived from psychology / psychiatry in order to examine and present the narrative used there as a one of the distinguishing factors between these two microgenres. It is a fragment where a particular disease in a patient is described. The goal is also to determine to what extent the differences in the character of these two areas of medicine affect the character of the narration as well as the linguistic resources used in the description of the patient, which, in turn, has consequences for their image in the text. The analysis was carried out on the basis of two groups of texts: 30 case reports from the publication outlets “Pneumonologia i Alergologia Polska” (“Advances in Respiratory Medicine”) (18), “Otolaryngologia Polska” (8), “Choroby Serca i  Naczyń” (2), as well as 1 from “Arterial Hypertension” and 1 from “Folia Cardiologica”, published between 2006–2021 and referring to a variety of medical areas; and 30 psychiatric / psychological case formulations from three Polish specialised medical journals: “Psychiatria”, “Psychiatria i Psychologia Kliniczna” as well as “Psychiatria Polska”, published between 2006–2021. The results demonstrate a significantly different character of the narration as well as partial differences in the lexis used, which results primarily from structural differences in the texts. These, in turn, may be resultant of the different character of psychiatry / psychology and clinical medicine. Consequently, what can be observed is a narrative-like and holistic image of the patient in psychiatric and psychological texts and the technical and partial one in clinico-diagnostic reports. The outcomes of such studies may be used in practice in a twofold way. First, they may be treated as valuable guidelines for doctors and medical students how to write a case report in a more ‛patient oriented’ manner, including the patient’s perspective. Secondly, from the educational point of view, they can be treated a starting point in the creation of vocabulary lists/glossaries for courses in medical terminology for doctors, medical students and linguists (future translators and interpreters).
PL
Celem niniejszego artykułu jest charakterystyka poszczególnych części jednej / kilku podsekcji kliniczno-diagnostycznych opisów przypadku w porównaniu z opisami z zakresu psychologii i psychiatrii w celu zbadania i przedstawienia charakterystyki narracji jako elementu rozróżniającego oba te mikrogatunki. Jest to fragment, w którym opisywany jest dany przypadek choroby u pacjenta. Pomniejszym zadaniem jest analiza tego, w jaki sposób różnice między tymi dziedzinami wpływają na charakter narracji i użytych w niej środków językowych w opisie pacjenta i jego choroby, co z kolei ma wpływ na jego obraz w całym tekście. Analiza ta została przeprowadzona w dwóch grupach tekstów: w 30 opisach przypadku z czasopism „Pneumonologia i Alergologia Polska” („Advances in Respiratory Medicine”) (18), „Otolaryngologia Polska” (8), „Choroby Serca i Naczyń” (2), oraz po jednym z „Arterial Hypertension” oraz „Folia Cardiologica”, opublikowanych między 2006 a 2021 rokiem i obejmujących różne dziedziny medycyny; oraz w 30 psychiatrycznych i psychologicznych opisach przypadków z trzech polskich czasopism specjalistycznych: „Psychiatria”, „Psychiatria i Psychologia Kliniczna” oraz „Psychiatria Polska”, opublikowanych w latach 2006–2021. Wyniki pokazują zdecydowanie inny charakter narracji oraz różnice w użytej leksyce, które wynikają głównie z rozbieżności strukturalnych tekstów. Te z kolei są pochodną różnic między medycyną kliniczną a psychiatrią i psychologią. W rezultacie mamy do czynienia z narracyjnym i całościowym obrazem pacjenta w tekstach psychiatrycznych i psychologicznych oraz technicznym i częściowym przedstawieniem pacjenta w tekstach kliniczno-diagnostycznych. Wyniki tego typu badań mogą posłużyć jako przyczynek: po pierwsze, do przygotowania poradnika dla lekarzy i studentów – adeptów sztuki medycznej – jak ująć perspektywę pacjenta w „technicznych” opisach; po drugie, w ujęciu dydaktycznym, do stworzenia gotowych list słownictwa / wyrażeń dla studentów medycyny, lekarzy, jak i lingwistów (przyszłych tłumaczy i lektorów) do wykorzystania podczas zajęć z terminologii medycznej.
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