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EN
The twentieth century theology has underlined the interdependence of theology and spirituality: the role of theology is to interpret spirituality and spirituality is to give a new life to theology. We can observe this dependence clearly in Hans Urs von Balthasar’s works. He was one of the restorers of the contemporary theology. The similarities between the theologian from Switzerland and Polish mystic Faustyna Kowalska are inspiring and interesting. The two, who have never heard about each other, have similar points of view in some aspects of reflection about God. The purpose of this article is to show these similarities in the field of eschatology. It means, exactly, a new perception of the judgment, eternal happiness and punishment in purgatory and hell.
PL
Teologia del XX secolo ha sottolineato di nuovo la dipendenza reciproca tra la teologia e la spiritualità: la teologia deve interpretare la mistica e la mistica deve approfondire le riflessioni teologiche. Questa dipendenza si realizza chiaramente nelle opere di Hans Urs von Balthasar, uno dei teologi più significativi della teologia contemporanea. Ispirante e interessante è la somiglianza tra il suddetto teologo e la mistica polacca, Faustyna Kowalska. Nonostante, entrambi non hanno mai sentito uno dell’altro, si possono trovare le osservazioni simili e non ovvi in diverse descrizioni della realtà di Dio. L’articolo si limita alle questioni escatologiche.
IT
Teologia del XX secolo ha sottolineato di nuovo la dipendenza reciproca tra la teologia e la spiritualità: la teologia deve interpretare la mistica e la mistica deve approfondire le riflessioni teologiche. Questa dipendenza si realizza chiaramente nelle opere di Hans Urs von Balthasar, uno dei teologi più significativi della teologia contemporanea. Ispirante e interessante è la somiglianza tra il suddetto teologo e la mistica polacca, Faustyna Kowalska. Nonostante, entrambi non hanno mai sentito uno dell’altro, si possono trovare le osservazioni simili e non ovvi in diverse descrizioni della realtà di Dio. L’articolo si limita alle questioni escatologiche.
EN
The twentieth century theology has underlined the interdependence of theology and spirituality: the role of theology is to interpret spirituality and spirituality is to give a new life to theology. We can observe this dependence clearly in Hans Urs von Balthasar’s works. He was one of the restorers of the contemporary theology. The similarities between the theologian from Switzerland and Polish mystic Faustyna Kowalska are inspiring and interesting. The two, who have never heard about each other, have similar points of view in some aspects of reflection about God. The purpose of this article is to show these similarities in the field of eschatology. It means, exactly, a new perception of the judgment, eternal happiness and punishment in purgatory and hell.
PL
Dwudziestowieczna teologia podkreśliła na nowo wzajemną zależność między teologią a duchowością: teologia ma interpretować mistykę, a mistyka pogłębiać teologię. Tę zależność widać dobrze u Hansa Ursa von Balthasara, jednego z odnowicieli teologii współczesnej. Inspirujące i interesujące jest podobieństwo w niektórych kwestiach między szwajcarskim teologiem i polską mistyczką, Faustyną Kowalską. Osoby, które nigdy nie słyszały o sobie, mają podobne (nieoczywiste) obserwacje na temat rzeczywistości Bożej. Niniejszy artykuł jest próbą ukazania takich podobieństw w dziedzinie eschatologii. Chodzi o nowe postrzeganie sądu, szczęścia wiecznego oraz kar czyśćcowych i piekielnych.
EN
The theological virtues (faith, hope, charity) adapt man’s faculties for participation in the divine nature, to live in a relationship with the Holy Trinity. They are the driving force of the Christian life as it advances towards full communion with God. They have God for their origin, motiveand object – God known by faith, God hoped in and loved for his own sake. The theological virtues are the foundation of Christian moral activity – the theological life. They are infused by God into the souls of the faithful to make them capable of acting as his children and of meriting eternal life. They reveal the goal of human existence – God calls us to his own happiness. The theological virtues are the pledge of the presence and action of the Holy Spirit in the faculties of human beings. The moral life of Christians is sustained by the gifts of the Holy Spirit. These are permanent dispositions which make man docile in following the promptings of the Holy Spirit.
PL
Cnoty teologalne (wiara, nadzieja, miłość) uzdalniają władze człowieka do uczestnictwa w naturze Bożej, do życia w jedności z Trójcą Świętą. Ukierunkowują one życie chrześcijańskie do pełnej komunii z Bogiem. Ich początkiem, motywem i przedmiotem jest Bóg, poznawany przez wiarę, w którym pokładamy nadzieję i którego miłujemy dla Niego samego. Cnoty teologalne kształtują, pobudzają i charakteryzują działanie moralne chrześcijanina – życie teologalne. Są wszczepione przez Boga w dusze wiernych, by uzdolnić ich do działania jako dzieci Boże i do zasługiwania na życie wieczne. Odsłaniają cel życia ludzkiego – Bóg powołuje nas do swojego własnego szczęścia. Cnoty teologalne stanowią rękojmię obecności i działania Ducha Świętego we władzach człowieka. Życie moralne chrześcijan jest podtrzymywane przez dary Ducha Świętego. Są one trwałymi dyspozycjami, które czynią człowieka uległym, by iść za poruszeniami Ducha Świętego.
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God’s Holy Ordinance

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FR
Dans cet article, on soutient que l’Église doit ériger la théologie du mariage de manière ordonnée, car la culture n’a plus de fondement dans la pensée chrétienne. L’essence de l’argumentation repose sur la distinction provenant de la tradition luthérienne des « deux voies du royaume de Dieu ». Selon cette distinction, nous partageons avec d’autres personnes des « lieux de responsabilité », mais avec les vertus chrétiennes de foi, d’espérance et d’amour, nous les transformons en lieux du rayonnement du christianisme. Ensuite, je plaide fermement pour le rejet permanent du mariage homosexuel chez les chrétiens orthodoxes. En conclusion, j’inclus ce que j’espère être une approche pastorale compatissante – une tolérance gracieuse – envers les chrétiens homosexuels.
IT
In questo articolo si sostiene che la Chiesa deve stabilire la teologia del matrimonio in modo ordinato, perché la cultura non ha più un fondamento nel pensiero cristiano. L’essenza dell’argomentazione si basa sulla distinzione che deriva dalla tradizione luterana delle «due vie del regno di Dio», secondo cui condividiamo con altre persone «luoghi di responsabilità», però li trasformiamo in luoghi di radiosa cristianità con le virtù cristiane di fede, speranza e amore. Si sostiene anche il rifiuto permanente del matrimonio omosessuale tra cristiani ortodossi. In conclusione, si include quello che spero sia un approccio pastorale compassionevole – la graziosa tolleranza – verso i cristiani omosessuali.
EN
In this article, I argue that the church must build up its theology of marriage in a more disciplined manner because the culture no longer sustains the Christian notion. In making a substantive argument I rely on the Lutheran “two ways that God reigns” approach in which we share “places of responsibility” with all humans, but in which the Christian virtues of faith, love, and hope transform those places into genuine Christian callings. I then contend strongly for the continued rejection of same-sex marriage among orthodox Christians. I conclude with what I hope is a compassionate pastoral approach-gracious tolerance-toward homosexual Christians.
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