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Problem psychomanipulacji religijnej w kontekście globalnej pentekostalizacji chrześcijaństwa

100%

Kobyliński A.

Człowiek i Społeczeństwo

2022

vol. 54

99-115

This article focuses primarily on a synthetic presentation of the global process of pentecostalization as well as the analysis of the selected religious abuses that occur in Christian communities on the grounds of emotional and syncretic Pentecostal religiosity. Over the last two decades, the interest in the problem of psychomanipulation and religious abuses has grown significantly in the Catholic Church and in other Christian denominations. This phenomenon is subject to in-depth philosophical, psychological, sociological, theological and cultural analyses, particularly in countries such as the United States, France or Great Britain. Religious abuse, also known as spiritual abuse or spiritual violence, refers to various forms of psychomanipulation, power, and control over people through religion, faith, or beliefs. The risk of abuse is especially high in the context of contemporary syncretic Neo-Pentecostal religiosity which is characterized by the so-called praying in tongues, miracles, emphasizing the presence of the devil in the world, exorcisms, prayers of deliverance, healings, introducing participants of prayer meetings into altered states of consciousness, etc. In the application of such methods, the principle of informed consent, which in medical practice applies to the relationship between doctors and patients, should be one of the basic ethical norms implemented with the aim of protecting against religious abuse and regulating the relationship of leaders to members of their communities.

Abusi sessuali e spirituali nella Chiesa Cattolica

51%

Saje A.

Studia Teologiczno-Historyczne Śląska Opolskiego

2020

vol. 40

issue 2

69-85

Nadużyciem seksualnym jest każde działanie niewerbalne, werbalne albo fizyczne, którym narusza się odność i przekracza granice innej osoby, niezależnie od wiekui płci, w celu osiągnięcia przyjemności seksualnej lub dokonania aktu przemocy. O nadużyciu duchowym mówi się wówczas, kiedy w kontekście religijnym zostaje pogwałcona godność osoby, która przestaje cieszyć się swoją pełną autonomią. Dzieje się to w sposóbmanipulatywny i bez zgody jednostki, której się uwłacza i poniża ją pod pretekstem duchowości w szerokim sensie tego słowa. Przemoc seksualna i duchowa są dwoma różnymi rodzajami nadużyć, które mogą wystąpić niezależnie od siebie, ale w obu przypadkach chodzi o problem sprawowania władzy i autorytetu. Nadużycie duchowe w przestrzeni religijnej jest często wstępem do nadużyć seksualnych, co wcześniej rzadziej było przedmiotem badań. Niniejszy artykuł, na podstawie opisu historycznego rozwoju przepisów prawnychw traktowaniu dynamiki i natury obu typów nadużyć, przedstawia propozycje niektórych rozwiązań. Autor dochodzi do konkluzji, że nadużycia są problemem strukturalnym Kościoła, który osobom dopuszczającym się takich czynów stwarza sprzyjającą przestrzeń dla selekcji ofiar oraz możliwości ukrycia tego, co zostało dokonane.

Sexual abuse is any non-verbal, verbal or physical act that is carried out with the intention to satisfy sexual desires or to inflict violence and that violates the dignity and boundary of the other person of whichever age or sex. Spiritual abuse is perpetrated whenever the boundary of dignity of the human person is breached in a religious context such that human autonomy and dignity are violated; it happens through manipulation andwithout consent of the individual, whereby the individual is demeaned or denigrated under the guise of spirituality in the broadest sense. Sexual and spiritual violence are two different types of abuse that can happen independently of each other; both have to do with a wanton display of power and authority. Spiritual abuse often precedes sexual abuse in a religious setting; nevertheless, the former is less well researched than the latter. The article deals with the nature and dynamics of both types of abuse on the basis of a historical perspective on the development of appropriate legal norms and concludes that such abuses are a structural problem in the Church, which offers the perpetrators a favourable environment for the choice of victims and the possibility of hiding. The analysis also offers some solutions to the problem.

L’abuso sessuale è ogni azione non verbale, verbale o fisica con cui si viola la dignità e si oltrepassano i confini di un’altra persona di qualsiasi età o sesso allo scopo di raggiungere il piacere sessuale o di compiere violenza. Parliamo di abuso spirituale quando in un contesto religioso viene violata la dignità della persona, per cui essa non gode più della sua piena autonomia. Ciò accade in modo manipolativo e senza il consenso del singolo, per cui sotto il pretesto della spiritualità nel senso più ampio della parola lo si umilia o annulla.La violenza sessuale e quella spirituale sono due diversi tipi di abuso che possono avvenire in modo indipendente l’una dall’altra, ma in entrambi i casi si tratta della questione dell’esercizio del potere e dell’autorità. L’abuso spirituale in ambiente religioso è spesso il preludio dell’abuso sessuale ed è meno studiato del primo. Sulla base di una descrizione storica dello sviluppo delle prescrizioni giuridiche nel trattamento della dinamica e della natura di entrambi i tipi di abusi, l’articolo propone alcune soluzioni, giungendo alla conclusione che gli abusi sono anche un problema strutturale della Chiesa, che offre agli autori degli abusi un ambiente favorevole a selezionare le vittime e la possibilità di nascondere quanto commesso.

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1 Człowiek i Społeczeństwo

1 Studia Teologiczno-Historyczne Śląska Opolskiego

1 Kobyliński A.

1 Saje A.

1 2022

1 2020

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Problem psychomanipulacji religijnej w kontekście globalnej pentekostalizacji chrześcijaństwa

Abusi sessuali e spirituali nella Chiesa Cattolica