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FR
This article is aimed at analyzing the break between fathers and their children in the texts of Boubacar Boris Diop, in which another figure often replaces that of the biological parent. Participating in the identity construction of his foster son, the spiritual father grants him memory which is contradictory to the official history. This clash, omnipresent in Boubacar Boris Diop’s novels, testifies of a change of paradigm revealing a deep crisis of the father figure in African postcolonial societies. We are indeed very far from the mythicized image of the pater nobilis which used to be omnipresent in African literature.
Polonia Sacra
|
2016
|
vol. 20
|
issue 3(44)
101-122
PL
W Biblii oraz w pierwotnej tradycji chrześcijańskiej (I–III wiek) nie spotykamy opisów praktycznego prowadzenia duchowego. Jako ćwiczenie duchowe ojcostwo duchowe powstało dopiero w IV wieku wśród mnichów egipskich. Celem podstawowym tej praktyki było znalezienie sposobu na własne zbawienie, zaś celami doraźnymi były: dojście do dojrzałości chrześcijańskiej, przejawiającej się w duchu rozeznania siebie, osiągnięcie kontemplacji, wewnętrznego spokoju i apathei. Wiodącym wątkiem formacyjnym w ojcostwie duchowym u omawianych mnichów było dzielenie się osobistymi przeżyciami duchowymi, szczególnie istotna była zaś praktyka wyjawiania swych myśli.
EN
The practical description of spiritual leaderships is not mandated as an institution in Sacred Scripture. The Christianity of the first three centuries presents us rather the spiritual relationship between the master and his disciple. Spiritual paternity as a spiritual discipline started in the 4th century within the Egyptian coenobitic communities and anchorites. It resulted in new terms such as: father – Abba, spiritual father, teacher, senior, spiritual master. The spiritual paternity of the Desert Fathers was a personalized spiritual exercise, which was to seek the way of salvation. The ultimate goal was to reach spiritual maturity, which manifested itself in the soul’s recognition, contemplation, inner peace and apatheia. The Father of the Desert used to share their own spiritual experiences with their disciples rather than to give them advice or hints or intellectual lessons. The relationship of spiritual paternity was built on the pattern: father and disciple. Every advice was supported by the prayer for the spiritual children and the example of the monastic life. The spiritual paternity relayed on cordial relations, sharing prayer and community life, the practice of self‑revelation and soul recognition and the transitions their own personal experiences. The spiritual father was gentle, friendly and prayerful. Such a practice of spiritual fraternity was neither the archaic form of psychological therapy nor the spiritual direction. Spiritual father begetted his sons to God. His aim was to help his spiritual children in their own spiritual development in order to attain the ultimate salvation.
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EN
Bl. Fr. Michael Sopocko is a fascinating figure, particularly because of his zealous involvement in everything that he did, especially in his pastoral ministry. This article discusses Bl. Michael Sopocko’s pastoral achievements based on three biographical and chronological stages of his life, pastoral activity, and academic work. The first stage involves his early life in his family home as well as his work at the parish in Taboryszki, where he served until 1918 when he went to study in Warsaw. The second stage took place when he returned to Vilnius after completing his intermittent studies at the University of Warsaw (from 1918 until December 8, 1924) and until he met St. Faustina who introduced him to the mystery of Divine Mercy in 1933-1934. In the third phase of Bl. Michael Sopocko’s pastoral and academic ministry, the mystery of Divine Mercy dominated his thoughts and views on both the Church’s activities and pastoral ministry.
PL
Błogosławiony ks. Michał Sopoćko to postać fascynująca swoim zaangażowaniem i gorliwością we wszystkie dzieła, których dokonywał, a zwłaszcza te z dziedziny duszpasterskiej. Gdy zaś mówimy o bł. ks. Michale Sopoćce, o jego działalności duszpasterskiej i jego pracy naukowej to można rozróżnić trzy wyraźne okresy biograficzno-czasowe. Pierwszy okres obejmowałby jego życie w domu rodzinnym i praca w parafii Taboryszki aż do roku 1918, kiedy to wyjechał na studia do Warszawy. Drugi okres możemy rozciągnąć od powrotu do Wilna ze studiów, które miały miejsce na Uniwersytecie Warszawskim i trwały z przerwami od 1918 roku do 8 grudnia 1924 roku. Okres ten trwał aż do czasu zapoznania się z tajemnicą Miłosierdzia Bożego poprzez objawienia św. Faustyny w latach 1933-1934. W trzecim okresie działalności duszpasterskiej i naukowej ta tajemnica zdominowała jego poglądy zarówno na działalność Kościoła, jak i w ogóle na duszpasterstwo. Według tego schematu przedstawimy jego dokonania na polu duszpasterskim.
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