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EN
  The last mute film in Carl Th. Dreyer’s oeuvre, The Passion of Joan of Arc (1928), is often referred to as a film “made of close-ups” and purely cinematic. Dreyer used to stress himself that close-up was the specific cinematic device that asserted film’s position as autonomous art.  He especially insisted on film’s independence from theatre. Thus, it might sound quite surprising that in an interview from 1965, Dreyer draws attention to the underestimated, according to him, role of theatre in Joan of Arc. In my essay I focus on the theatricality in Dreyer’s film, arguing that “the theatrical” and “the cinematic” are two strategies used to present two different worlds of ideas and beliefs: that of the judges, clergymen and inquisitors, which at the same time is the world of males, and that of Joan, an illiterate woman who strives alone for her idea against a group of powerful men. What we observe in the film is a growing presence of ‘the cinematic’, the strategy allied with Joan, who in the final scene triumphs over the judges, just like cinema triumphs over theatricality.
PL
The voice of Joan. On paragone in Carl Th. Dreyer’s “The Passion of Joan of Arc” The last mute film in Carl Th. Dreyer’s oeuvre, The Passion of Joan of Arc (1928), is often referred to as a film “made of close-ups” and purely cinematic. Dreyer used to stress himself that close-up was the specific cinematic device that asserted film’s position as autonomous art.  He especially insisted on film’s independence from theatre. Thus, it might sound quite surprising that in an interview from 1965, Dreyer draws attention to the underestimated, according to him, role of theatre in Joan of Arc. In my essay I focus on the theatricality in Dreyer’s film, arguing that “the theatrical” and “the cinematic” are two strategies used to present two different worlds of ideas and beliefs: that of the judges, clergymen and inquisitors, which at the same time is the world of males, and that of Joan, an illiterate woman who strives alone for her idea against a group of powerful men. What we observe in the film is a growing presence of ‘the cinematic’, the strategy allied with Joan, who in the final scene triumphs over the judges, just like cinema triumphs over theatricality.
PL
Świat wartości, który człowiek tworzy, w którym wzrasta i które przekazuje staje się dzisiaj wyzwaniem i zadaniem dla rodziców, wychowawców, pedagogów, wszystkich, którym na sercu leży dobro dzieci, młodzieży i całego społeczeństwa. Ks. Z. Mościcki wskazuje na hierarchię wartości i ich rodzaje. W zależności od tego, jakie wartości wybiera człowiek i jakimi żyje, wyróżnia różne typy postaw. Wśród wartości preferowanych przez ks. Z. Mościckiego na uwagę zasługują: miłość, wolność duchowa, odpowiedzialność. Natomiast osobowość człowieka wyraża się i kształtuje przez realizowanie powołania i służbę tymże wartościom. Atrybutami osobowości są: jedność, autentyczność i godność.
EN
Nowadays, creating the word of values where a person can develop and handing down these values pose a challenge and a task for parents, educators, teachers and everyone who is deeply concerned about the best interests of children, adolescents and society as a whole. Fr. Mościcki focuses on the hierarchy and types of values. Depending on what values a person chooses and lives by, the author distinguishes different types of attitudes. The values recommended by Mościcki include love, spiritual freedom, and responsibility. A person’s personality is expressed and shaped by realising his or her vocation and serving these values. The attributes of human personality are unity, authenticity, and dignity.
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