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EN
The paper discusses popularity of spiritualism after the end of World War I. The author compares spiritualism of the second half of the 19th century and the post-war spiritualism, especially in the first years after 1918 to indicate the most important distinguishing features of this movement in the two periods mentioned. The thesis of the article is that spiritualism before 1914 expressed the faith in the rightness of progress and scientific curiosity, while spiritualism after the war became a way of transferring trauma to collective memory, and the individual and private method for handling a loss. The paper also tackles the impact of secularization, disappointment with progress and the change in the approach to death and mourning after the war
Porównania
|
2013
|
vol. 13
143-155
EN
Published in “Kurier Codzienny” in 1889 Bolesław Prus’s review of Paul Bourget’s novel TheDisciple is a starting point for this reflection on Polish writer’s literary theory, who in the late 80sstarts to collect his “reflections on composition”. In the context of the famous polemic with Aleksander Świętochowski, Emancypantki – Prus’s novel published in the early 90s and the pressdiscussion in Warsaw of the winter of 1893, the author of the article attempts to highlight thoseof the reflections which show how deep was Prus’s belief in a possibility to shape the reader’smoral conduct through literature, literature which would promote truths different from the onesthat make Bourget’s characters’ lives so miserable.
PL
Prusowska recenzja dzieła Uczeń Paula Bourgeta zamieszona w kronice „Kuriera Codziennego”jest przyczynkiem do refleksji o kształtowaniu się zrębów literackiej teoriipolskiego pisarza,który u kresu lat osiemdziesiątych zaczyna tworzyć swoje słynne notatki o kompozycji. W kontekście polemiki z Aleksandrem Świętochowskim, opublikowanych w tym czasie Emancypantek oraz dyskusji o spirytyzmie, jaka przetoczyła się na łamach warszawskiej prasy zimą 1893 roku, podjęta zostaje próba zaakcentowania tych fragmentów teoretycznych zapisków, które pokazują wciąż żywą nadzieję pisarza na kształtowanie postaw społecznych za pomocą literatury, literatury głoszącej inne prawdy niż te, które tak wiele krzywdy uczyniły bohaterom powieści Bourgeta.
EN
The subject of this article is the mystical elements in Mikhail Bulgakov’s short story The Heart of a Dog that present the author’s views on spirituality and ethics. As the study shows, the writer’s views resemble ideas from various spiritual teachings – especially Eastern ones, like Taoism, Hinduism and Buddhism. Taking into consideration that in the contemporary world many people strive for more universal spiritual approaches, this research portrays Bulgakov as a timeless thinker whose ideas can still inspire people nowadays.
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