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Partycypacja społeczeństwa w rewaloryzacji i ochronie zabytków : niektóre doświadczenia brytyjskie

100%

Żuchowska B.

Ochrona Zabytków

1983

issue 3-4

185-188

The process of the protection of cultural property and thus its renewal on the territory of Great Britain is the work of both the State and the society. Despite a recession and unemployment comprising nearly million families, insignificant economic and investment undertakings, Teduced grants for reconstruction, lack of funds for conservation in the society, efforts are being made to create appropriate legal and administrative conditions and to activate financial and economic mechanisms in this field. A disquieting fact which results from the above reasons is an ever bigger number of decisions on demolition of historic structures as well as the exemption from the law on the protection of cultural (property of all monuments from an inter-war period, especially in rural areas and north part of Great Britain. According to the statistics of December 31, 1980 the list of buildings with special historic values contained 269.000 structures, 7.500 out of which were written down last year, while in 1974 24,000 buildings were included, which — according to the local authorities — is the result of cuts in budgets for inspectors engaged in selecting buildings to be covered by a governmental register. Out of various forms of activities aimed at the preservation of national culture the most important role is played by the Historic Building Council for England striving to initiate and to improve all forms of the protection of the existing resources. They include grants for repairs as well as measures and endeavours to eliminate financial obstacles and to work out appropriate way to neturalize VAT levied on all repair and constructional work. At present studies are being carried out to make use of the experience of US legislation on tax reductions. It is thought that the introduction of the American system of alleviations might increase a participation of the society, corporations and social organisations in the field of the protection of cultural property to a greater degree than the existing programmes of direct governmental granting. The National Heritage Act is looked upon in Great Britain very favourably; still, the fact that its administration resides in as many as 6 ministries is often criticised. It is also proposed that powers resulting from this act and the aid given should be vested in plenipotentiaries of the so-called National Heritage Memorial Fund and that the National Land Fund should receive greater funds and also that local authorities should focus not only on the rescuing of buildings with highest memorial values but also on those the importance of which flows from their historic values. The thing is that on the one hand, following a decision of consevators for the building to undergo major repair the authorities are obliged to redempt it, while on the other, it is thought that assistance of central authorities should have a self-financing nature. Another subject widely discussed is a campaign to enlarge a list of protected monuments as well as to employ inspectors — conservators who are indispensable for an active registration of rural resources in particular. The authorities try also to severe criterions of field services making decisions on changes and demolition of historic structures; to this end they employ oftener and oftener provisions of the Law on Local Government Planning and Land which calls for a number of documents stating the impossibility to preserve the structure. There exists thus in Great Britain a full awareness and need to improve and to initiate new mechanisms in the field of restoration, conservation and preservation on behalf of the protection of cultural property. At the present moment the main emphasis is being shifted from the assistance in form of grants to reductions and tax stimuli as well as legal and administrative systems regulating a scope of the protection of national heritage.

Partycypacja społeczeństwa w rewaloryzacji i ochronie zabytków na terenie Stanów Zjednoczonych Ameryki Północnej

88%

Czerner O.

Ochrona Zabytków

1983

issue 3-4

183-185

A unique love of freedom, and thus an exclusive right to dispose of one’s own property as well as a tradition of a group determination of the conditions of any activity influence also programmes of monuments protection in the United States of America. At the same time a sense of national distinctness has got increased recently to such a degree that there appeared strong tendencies for the necessity to rescue own heritage. Some of the actions are undertaken by federal bodies; still, to a bigger extent they are done on a state level and smaller territorial units, mainly towns. They are initiated and organised by various groups, associations and municipal authorites. The latter wish to recover tax payments from temporarily abandoned buildings and also to revive complexes often situated in the centre of towns. An example of such action is Baltimore, while an illustration of joint ventures of municipal authorities and social organisations are New Orlean and San Francisco. The author discussed them thinking that to some degree they may be helpful in organising the participation of the society in works on behalf of the preservation of monuments in .Poland.

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2 Ochrona Zabytków

1 Czerner O.

1 Żuchowska B.

2 1983

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Partycypacja społeczeństwa w rewaloryzacji i ochronie zabytków : niektóre doświadczenia brytyjskie

Partycypacja społeczeństwa w rewaloryzacji i ochronie zabytków na terenie Stanów Zjednoczonych Ameryki Północnej