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K existenci nominativních prepozic v češtině

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Vondráček M.
Naše řeč (Our Speech)
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2020
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vol. 103
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issue 1-2
144-161
EN
The paper deals with words that precede the noun in the nominative form in Czech. It evaluates them in terms of parts of speech with regard to the functions that these words realize. It focuses on words of non-Czech origin that are classified (more or less traditionally) as nominative prepositions (kontra, versus, à la, via). It analogously treats other words from Czech which perform similar functions in the sentence. The author poses the question of whether it is theoretically possible for a preposition to be associated with the nominative, to determine it, to demand it. The answer is negative. The author concludes that the contra versus expressions are not prepositions, but conjunctions, and proposes that other verbal forms should be evaluated as particles. Some can be considered text structuring particles (ad, viz ‘see’, srov. ‘cf.’), others prenominative particles (via). The function of these words is to be a signal of nominative for naming, which is effective in communication.
2
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Syntax naratív detí predškolského veku

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Kesselová J.
Studie z aplikované lingvistiky - Studies in Applied Linguistics
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2013
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vol. 4
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issue 2
19-37
EN
The study focuses on the development of syntactic structures in narratives of 3–6 years old Slovak children. The aim of the research is to describe not only various ways of creation of logical‑semantic relations when telling a story but also the succession in acquisition of linear structural‑combinatory rules necessary for a narrative construction. We have concentrated on two questions: (a) How does the syntactic structure of narratives change according to the age of a child?; (b) Is the syntactic structure of narratives determined by the story itself? If yes, to what extent? The research sample consists of 162 transcriptions of narratives (30 girls and 24 boys). Each child has produced three different narratives according to the series of pictures. The research methodology is based on the CDI III project (Communicative Development Inventories — Narrative project). Three tendencies have been observed in the development of syntactic structures: (a) decline of syntactic structures (in reference to single‑word and multi‑word nominal utterances and utterances with an isolated predicate); (b) fixation of simple sentence which represent a stable and dominant structure in all the analysed age; (c) development of syntactic structures (compound and complex sentences). Each syntactic structure develops a structural component of a narrative. The linguistic research of children’s narratives is motivated by the need to create a diagnostic tool for the evaluation of children’s narrative abilities in logopaedic practice.
3
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Přirovnávací vedlejší věty se spojkami jako a než:

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Štěpán J.
Naše řeč (Our Speech)
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2014
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vol. 97
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issue 1
13-25
EN
Using material from contemporary Czech, comparative subordinate clauses with the conjunctions jako and než are initially classified into adverbial and non-adverbial clauses. The analysis then considers the fact that in the adverbial clauses with jako, comparison is realized by a conjunction occurring togheter with a t-expression and the adverb stejně. The clause order is also taken into consideration. Adverbial clauses with než are then classified in particular into clauses of the narrowly understood manner (generally comparative) and measure (with the comparative in the head clause).
4
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Operátor lomeno koordinátor lomeno adordinátor: k funkcím slova lomeno

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Sláma J.
Naše řeč (Our Speech)
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2022
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vol. 105
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issue 1
49-55
EN
The paper uses various corpora to scrutinize the uses of lomeno 'slash' in Czech. The word lomeno is sometimes used when the name of the slash sign is spelled out explicitly, and it is used in mathematical operations. The word has, however, two more uses not registered in Czech linguistic literature: it can function as a coordinator, typically (but not necessarily) with the meaning of 'or'; it can also be used similarly to the English slash when conjoining two coreferential words or phrases (i.e., as an "adordinator" or apposition marker).
5
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K problematice polovedlejších vět

71%
Štěpán J.
Naše řeč (Our Speech)
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2023
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vol. 106
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issue 5
275-290
EN
The concept and term polovedlejší věta (‘semi-subordinate clause’) is theoretically anchored in the formal-semantic level description of the language system. This description has been methodologically inspired by the distinctive features of the Prague Linguistic Circle phonology. Based on three features (subordinator, parenthesis, commenting), the semi-subordinate clause, by which the speaker comments on another clause, is delimited within this descriptive framework. Semi-subordinate clauses are unambiguously identifiable using a test of reversed relationship of clauses, cf. Jak vidím, jste soukromý detektiv ‘As I see, you are a private detective’ → Vidím, že jste soukromý detektiv ‘I (can) see that you are a private detective.’ The main section of the article is formed by a classification of semi-subordinate clauses in several parts. The first part is based on the classification according to subordinators: the centre of the system of semi-subordinate clauses is formed by clauses introduced by the relative pronominal adverb jak. Clauses with the relative consequential pronoun což and clauses with the relative introducing pronoun co are on the periphery. Clauses with conjunctions (jestli and its variants, and pokud and aby) lie between the centre and the periphery. The second part differentiates between attitude and stylization clauses. In the conclusion, the term semi-subordinate clause, reflecting a specific semi-category, is explained, and defended.
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