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SPORT ORGANIZATIONS AND ENVIRONMENTAL PRESSURES: AN INSTITUTIONAL ANALYSIS

100%
Mańkowski D. J.
Society Register
|
2018
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vol. 2
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issue 1
155-170
EN
Capitalism plays a significant role in the process of commercialization of sport. The bureaucratization, professionalization, politics and policy change legitimate organizational activities (Oliver 1992). The external process of bureaucratization, which is ‘the organizational manifestation of the rationalization of social life’ (Slack & Hinings 1994: 806) transforms sport organizations. The new environment of sport organizations moves them from voluntary organization to formal organizations with professional staff. This work identifies impact of external processes such as bureaucratization, professionalization and commercialization on sport organization. The focus is on the environmental pressures which change practices (procedures) in sport organizations. The article shows the changes in the field of sport and the processes of excluding voluntary, non-profit sport organization from competitions in elite sport. The last section of the article presents an alternative point of view on volunteers in sport industry.
2

Organizing Sports around the Workplace - some Experiences from Scandinavian Company Sport

100%
Eichberg H.
Physical Culture and Sport. Studies and Research
|
2009
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vol. 46
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issue 1
130-136
EN
There are different ways of placing sports in social life, and the workplace is one of them. The Scandinavian countries are internationally renowned for their particular development of company sport. This is linked to the dynamics of the Nordic welfare society and political concern about ‘public health’. On the basis of recent Danish research, current practices of company sport are examined. There is social change inside company sport, and new strata demand more and wider offers of sport in the workplace. Side by side with sport in specialized clubs, sport in local-cultural ‘popular’ associations and sport in commercial institutes, sport in the workplace, thus, has a future. This challenges the traditional division of everyday life under capitalist conditions: collective work here, private leisure there. People's health as a human right under the conditions of developing capitalism changes the agenda, also for sports.
3
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Sport shooters in Poland: social capital of organizational engagement vs access to guns policy controversies

67%
Kołodziej A., Kołodziej-Durnaś A.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Sociologica
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2023
|
issue 84
87-109
PL
W artykule przedstawiono strzelectwo sportowe w Polsce na tle społeczno-politycznym. Społeczeństwo polskie po przełomie antykomunistycznym diagnozowane jest jako wspólnota, której brakuje kapitału społecznego, a w szczególności zaufania. W tym kontekście przynależność do klubów sportowych, traktowana jako forma zaangażowania społecznego, jest bardzo pożądana, gdyż rozszerza sieć współpracy społecznej. Jednak bycie strzelcem sportowym wiąże się również z dostępem do broni, co zawsze budzi kontrowersje, nawet jeśli w Polsce wskaźniki dostępu obywateli do broni palnej są niskie. Autorzy przeprowadzili badania (CAWI, N = 253) wśród strzelców sportowych w Polsce. Wyniki (opinie strzelców sportowych) analizowane są w trzech kontekstach: posiadania broni i stosunku do broni (motywacja do uprawiania strzelectwa sportowego), klubów strzeleckich (analiza organizacji strzeleckich w Polsce) oraz wizerunku strzelca sportowego (ocena wizerunku strzelców sportowych w społeczeństwie polskim). Podstawowym problemem, który wyłania się z analizy empirycznej, jest niejednorodna interpretacja strzelectwa sportowego przez samych strzelców. Strzelanie może być postrzegane zarówno w kategoriach sportowych (aktywność ukierunkowana na samodoskonalenie i współzawodnictwo), jak i jako aktywność o celach pozasportowych (patriotycznych, wychowawczych, obronnych). Różne definicje wspólnej aktywności mogą prowadzić do napięć interpretacyjnych (znaczeniowych), a ostatecznie do konfliktów w obrębie badanej kategorii osób.
EN
The article presents sport shooting in Poland against a socio-political background. First, Polish society after the anti-communist breakthrough is diagnosed as a country lacking social capital and social trust in particular. In this context, membership in sport clubs, treated as a form of social involvement, is very desirable, as it expands the network of social cooperation. However, being a sport shooter is also associated with access to weapons, which is always controversial, even if Poland has low rates of access to firearms for citizens. The authors conducted research (CAWI, N = 253) on sport shooters in Poland. The results (opinions of sport shooters) are analyzed in three contexts: possession of a weapon and attitude towards a weapon (motivation to engage in sport shooting), sport shooting clubs (analysis of sport shooting organizations in Poland), and the image of a sport shooter (assessment of sport shooters’ image in Polish society). A basic problem that emerges from the empirical analysis is the heterogeneous interpretation of sport shooting by the shooters themselves. Shooting can be seen in terms of sport (an activity aimed at self-improvement and competition) as well as an activity with out-of-sport goals (patriotic, educational, and defensive). Different definitions of joint activity may lead to interpretative (of meaning) tensions and ultimately to conflicts within the examined category of people.
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