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Oblicza umiarkowania. Cnota skromności w aretologii Tomasza z Akwinu

100%
Andrzejuk I.
Rocznik Tomistyczny
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2022
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issue 11
147-158
EN
The paper presents an analysis of Thomas’ thought on the virtue of modesty and shows its relation to temperance and nobility. The matter of modesty is of lesser importance in the ethics of Thomas Aquinas. The virtue of modesty is subordinated to the virtue of temperance and its role is to help us shape our external steps and actions in order. When speaking of modesty Thomas willingly turns to the views of Cicero and Andronicus. In the Summa, in its parts dedicated to temperance, Aquinas analyses all kinds of modesty. Important among them is humility, which directly pertains to temperance. Its subject is to regulate our desire to be exceptional. Hence, humility gives us ability to proper self-esteem. All other virtues, which are kinds of modesty, regulate: our longing to knowledge, attitude toward neighbours, ways of spending our leisure time, ways of dressing up. Thomas points out in his texts that the process of achieving the virtue of modesty is not a complicated task, because its object does not cause any particular difficulties. Not as in the case of moderation, which needs auxiliary virtues in order to restraint our strong natural craving.
2
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Komplementarność mądrości i roztropności w ludzkim postępowaniu. Ujęcie św. Tomasza z Akwinu

100%
Andrzejuk I.
Rocznik Tomistyczny
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2012
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vol. 1
85-107
EN
While considering the problem of human dispositions, Thomas Aquinas indicates the special role of disposition in human action. Its unique position is caused by the fact that it is both intellectual and moral virtue. Wisdom, however, is a intellectual virtue, which relies on ability to cognizing the truth, which is not available to the man in indirect cognition. Therefore, wisdom make the human intellect able to its proper operations – reasoning. However, there is no indirect transfer from wisdom, which is theoretical disposition to the human action and here is the place for prudence, which is disposition of both intellect and will. It seems that cooperation of both virtues plays the considerable role in human activity. Aquinas claims, that the object of human appetite is only cognizable. In this way wisdom – as a virtue concerning human cognition – is related to the prudence, which includes human cognition as well as appetite. The precise analysis of St. Thomas Aquinas’s texts show, that relationship between wisdom and prudence is very strict and both virtues rely on each other. Practically it means, that one cannot be prudent without being wise and one cannot be wise without being prudent.
3
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Pedagogika Mieczysława Gogacza – propozycja realistycznego wychowania i wykształcenia na tle współczesnej pedagogiki zorientowanej idealistycznie

80%
Gondek A.
Rocznik Tomistyczny
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2016
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vol. 5
91-112
EN
A lecture entitled „Pedagogigcs by Mieczysław Gogacz – a proposal of realistic upbringing and education against the background of contemporary, idealistically-oriented pedagogics”, provides knowledge on basic principles of Gogacz’s philosophy, which are reflected in the process of education and upbringing. Gogacz emphasizes that, in the process of education, it is essential to follow a particular philosophical trend, which should provide a proper concept of a human being. In terms of education and upbringing he rejects and challenges idealistically-oriented pedagogics, considering it a source of improper education. The author calls to change young people’s mindset from idealistic into realistic. Gogacz highlights that education and upbringing should lead a human being to harmony, spiritual self-development, inner integrity, they should let a young person become a wise, free and noble person. In reference to education and upbringing, Gogacz emphasizes a significant role of a teacher and educator, who constitutes a student’s guide and a friend, he presents education in the light of interpersonal relationships, love, faith and hope. In his proposal, Gogacz shows care about youth and their conduct, he calls for education and upbringing to aim to freedom, love, responsibility, truth, good and honesty.
4
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Etyczny pluralizm a wartości uniwersalne: katalogi normatywne Johna Finnisa i Marthy C. Nussbaum

80%
Sławiński M.
Internetowy Magazyn Filozoficzny Hybris
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2018
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vol. 41
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issue 2
20-42
EN
Is it possible that Nussbaum’s capability approach and Finnis’s natural law theory have anything in common? We usually do not think ethical pluralism and an account of objective good to be members of one family of theories. Nevertheless there is a set of ideas that Nussbaum and Finnis apparently, and surprisingly, share. Both authors elaborate a list of values which plays a central role in their theory. Careful examination of these lists provides us with many similarities in terms of concepts, terminology and interpretation. Finnis and Nussbaum both employ the ideas of practical reason and intuition, or self-evidence, to reject the academic requirement for theoretical proof of normative approach in morality, philosophy of law and political theory. In this way, they both seek to secure their claims to universality.
5
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Stosunek cnót do uczuć w filozofii św. Tomasza z Akwinu, na przykładzie cnoty męstwa

80%
Kozerski S.
Rocznik Tomistyczny
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2014
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vol. 3
99-112
EN
The article focuses on the problem of relation between human feelings and habits. It shows their mutual relations in general, and it illustrates them on a example of fortitude and related feelings. The example of fortitude shows how essential is development of virtues in the context of moral life. Virtues allow to surrender appetite and temper to the dominion of reason and will. The lack of habituation of reason and will, in the context of exercising power of reason and will, condemns a man to immoral life, which is guided by passions. In the same time, it is great limitation of man, because impossibility of applying reason and will in action reduces man to animal which is guided by instincts and feelings.
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