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EN
The purpose of presented research is the analysis of poems created by preschool children, in terms of the quality and frequency of use of the phonological language means. A pivotal aspect of the research is the description of the influence of age on the type of created narratives (prose, poem) and on the type of used language means. The impact of phonological features (rhymes and alliterations) on the language development in children will be discussed. The results indicate on the necessity of encompassing in the kindergartens’ didactic programs linguistic exercises and games, aimed at recognition of rhymes and alliterations. Such games play a crucial role in the proper development of reading and writing skills and, as a result, they improve the language competence and have a positive impact on further academic achievement of a child at school.
PL
Celem prezentowanych badań jest analiza wierszy budowanych przez dzieci przedszkolne pod kątem jakości i częstości używania fonologicznych środków językowych. Ważnym aspektem jest opisanie wpływu wieku na rodzaj tworzonych wypowiedzi (proza, wiersz) oraz stosowanych środków językowych. Przedyskutowana zostanie rola, jaką odgrywają używane cechy fonologiczne (rymy i aliteracje) w rozwoju językowym dzieci. Wyniki badań wskazują, iż powinno się zadbać o to, by w programach dydaktycznych przedszkoli znajdowały się ćwiczenia z zakresu zabaw językowych, szczególnie dotyczących tworzenia i rozpoznawania rymów i aliteracji. Poprzez tego typu gry rozwija się ważna dla umiejętności czytania i pisania sprawność fonologiczna. W konsekwencji ma to znaczenie w doskonaleniu kompetencji językowej i korzystnie oddziałuje na dalszy proces edukacji dziecka w szkole.
PL
The paper presents studies on the relationship between the results obtained using the IBE Educational Prognosis Scale as a tool for educational diagnosis based on observation of children by the teacher and their actual reading and writing achievement. The IBE Educational Prognosis Scale allows for assessment of linguistic proficiency in terms of the child’s current phonological skills and language development history. The reading and writing assessments were conducted using the IBE Reading Assessment Battery and IBE Spelling Assessment Battery. The study covered teacher’s observations on 1249 children in Grade I as well as their reading and spelling scores. An analysis of teachers’ assessment and literacy scores obtained by children indicates important, generally moderate, correlations. The child’s linguistic development assessed by the teacher on the observational basis is related to the child's current linguistic development, including the development of skills in the areas of grammar, vocabulary and phonology. The relationship between the reading skill and early linguistic development (in the first five years of life) and selected aspects of current development as evaluated by parents is significant but much weaker. A regression analysis for reading indicates that teacher’s observations regarding both language development and early childhood progression in reading, such as letter knowledge and reading strategies, are the best indicators of potential difficulty in this area — better than information concerning early language development provided by parents. Similar results were obtained for the spelling skills.
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