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Touristically-attractive springs in the polish lowlands

100%
Girjatowicz J. P.
Tourism
|
2013
|
vol. 23
|
issue 1
47-54
EN
On the basis of available published materials and his own research, the author identifies the 27 most attractive springs in the Polish Lowlands. He describes their most important landscape and tourism assets - the relief of the spring outlet area, landforms, the character of the spring itself and the accompanying tourism infrastructure. The article presents available data regarding the water discharged by the springs: volume, temperature, colour and medicinal properties; as well as pointing to associated interesting natural features, examples of religious architecture and historical curiosities. The distribution of springs in the Polish Lowlands is uneven, with the majority found in the area of the morainic uplands, as well as in deeper river valleys and lake troughs
2
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Touristically-attractive springs in the Polish Lowlands

100%
Girjatowicz J. P.
Turyzm
|
2013
|
vol. 23
|
issue 1
47-54
EN
On the basis of available published materials and his own research, the author identifies the 27 most attractive springs in the Polish Lowlands. He describes their most important landscape and tourism assets – the relief of the spring outlet area, landforms, the character of the spring itself and the accompanying tourism infrastructure. The article presents available data regarding the water discharged by the springs: volume, temperature, colour and medicinal properties; as well as pointing to associated interesting natural features, examples of religious architecture and historical curiosities. The distribution of springs in the Polish Lowlands is uneven, with the majority found in the area of the morainic uplands, as well as in deeper river valleys and lake troughs.
3
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Bogactwo i różnorodność chruścików (Trichoptera) na wybranym obszarze środkowo-zachodniej Polski (województwo lubuskie)

51%
Rychła A., Buczyńska E.
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Sklodowska, sectio C – Biologia
|
2013
|
vol. 68
|
issue 1
EN
The information about the distribution of caddisflies (Trichoptera) in mid-western Poland being a part of the Wielkopolsko-Kujawska Lowland (WKL) faunistic region is still scarce compared to other regions. To close the knowledge gap, we investigated caddisflies larvae and occasionally imagines in a selected area in mid-western Poland in 2011. The aim was the preliminary estimation of species richness and abundance of protected, rare and endangered species in this part of WKL. For the study 63 sampling sites representing broad spectrum of habitat types were chosen and analysed with various ecological indices. In total, 75 species: 46 as larvae and 51 as imagines were found in the area. Among them, one protected species (Crunoecia irrorata), 5 listed in the Polish Red List (Erotesis baltica, Hydropsyche bulgaromanorum, Ylodes simulans, Limnephulus borealis and L. fuscinervis), and 11 species not reported for WKL yet were found in the area. In the whole material, the most frequent and dominant species was Limnephilus flavicornis. In contrast, 50 species were recorded in less than 5% of sites. The highest species richness was found in rivers and fish ponds with total number of 33 and 32 species, respectively, whereas the lowest one in springs (5 species) and bogs (6 species). The highest species diversity obtained with probability of intraspecificencounter (PIE) Index was found in fish ponds (0.90) and rivers (0.85) as well. In contrast, streams had the lowest PIE value (0.60) in the area. The most valuable habitat types with regard to protected, endangered and rare species were rivers and fish ponds, as well as lakes and streams of lower importance. To conclude, our investigation indicated a high species richness and diversity in the area, which was related to high habitat heterogeneity, thus having significant importance for biodiversity preservation in mid-western Poland. Moreover, fish ponds and rivers were the most valuable habitat types significantly contributing to species richness, diversity and preservation of rare and endangered species in this area.
PL
Wiedza na temat rozmieszczenia chruścików (Trichoptera) w środkowo-zachodniej Polsce, będącej częścią krainy faunistycznej Niziny Wielkopolsko-Kujawskiej (WKL) jest wciąż uboga w porównaniu do innych regionów. W celu uzupełnienia tej informacyjnej luki w roku 2011 przeprowadzono inwentaryzację wybranego obszaru w tej części kraju. Celem pracy było wstępneokreślenie różnorodności gatunkowej oraz gatunków chronionych, zagrożonych i rzadkich w tej części WKL. Próby pobrano z 63 stanowisk obejmujących szerokie spektrum typów siedliska następnie przeanalizowano przy użyciu różnych wskaźników ekologicznych. Ogółem stwierdzono 75 gatunków chruścików, w tym 46 i 51 odpowiednio w postaci larw i osobników dorosłych. Wśród stwierdzonych gatunków jeden jest chroniony (Crunoecia irrorata), 5 znajduje się na Polskiej Czerwonej Liście (Erotesis baltica, Hydropsyche bulgaromanorum, Ylodes simulans, Limnephulus borealis and L. fuscinervis) a 11 nie było dotychczas podanych z WKL. Z całości materiału gatunkiem o najwyższej dominacji i frekwencji był Limnephilus flavicornis. Natomiast aż 50 gatunków stwierdzono w mniej niż 5% stanowisk. Najwyższą liczbę gatunków zanotowano w rzekach i stawach rybnych, odpowiednio 33 i 32, natomiast najmniejszą w źródłach (5 gatunków) oraz na torfowiskach (6 gatunków). Najwyższą różnorodnością gatunkową mierzoną według wskaźnikaPIE charakteryzowały się również stawy rybne (0.90) i rzeki (0.85), natomiast najniższą wartość PIE (0.60) stwierdzono w strumieniach. Pod względem udziału gatunków chronionych, zagrożonych i rzadkich najbardziej cenne okazały się rzeki oraz stawy rybne, a także w mniejszym stopniu jeziora oraz źródła. Reasumując, badany obszar charakteryzuje się dużym bogactwem oraz różnorodnością gatunkową chruścików mających znaczenie dla ochrony bioróżnorodności w środkowo-zachodniej Polsce. Najbardziej cennymi typami siedlisk dla zachowania bogactwa, różnorodności oraz dla gatunków rzadkich i zagrożonych są rzeki oraz stawy hodowlane.
4
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Avoti augšzemes teikās un nostāstos

51%
Urtāns J.
Latvijas Zinātņu Akadēmijas Vēstis. A daļa
|
2014
|
vol. 68
|
issue 3/4
114-121
EN
Springs are considerable landmarks of scenery marking both the profane and sacred landscapes. Springs are widely represented in oral tradition, however, much has been lost from the former spring-concerned traditions. Information about Upper Latvia’s tales and legends about springs have not been summarised yet. In total, 22 springs with cultural historical significance have been identified for now (Fig. 1), which can be divided into three groups. 1. Springs and castle mounds. In Upper Latvia most of the castle mounds date back to I millennium BC and the first centuries of I millennium AD, i.e. to the period when cattle-breeding played an essential role in food provision, and drinking water was vitally important. Feasibly, cattle were watered at a natural spring somewhere near the castle mound. Springs associated with a tradition are known near four castle mounds of Upper Latvia (Fig. 2). Quite probably, the older meaning of springs of castle mounds has been forgotten, but memories of them have been preserved in folklore in some conditional way. 2. Remedial springs. Springs had greater importance as remedial springs, which concerns 12 springs. The remedial role of the springs is indicated by their names, e.g. Health Spring, Ocular Spring. The ailments most frequently cured in springs were ocular diseases. A considerable number of tales have been registered about remedial springs. The remedial Saltupe Svētavots spring of Aknīste was very popular (Fig. 3). One of formerly most known remedial springs was Baltiņi Svētavots spring of Sēlpils in the overgrown bed of which archaeological test excavations were made (Fig. 4). 3. A spring as a mark of the cultural landscape. Springs have also the role of landmarks being a peculiar part of the scenery. This is indicated by special names of springs, stories about money sunk in springs which usually are associated with a much older mythological layer. One of the most significative Latvian scenery sites was Staburags rock, to a certain extent overshadowing the Liepavots spring that is located in its environs. The role of Upper Latvia’s springs has not disappeared today, nor even decreased, but maybe only transformed. A new folklore layer is being formed around springs, which includes also the former layers.
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