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EN
Many communist theorists gave prominence to issues of women’s equality. Not only the Karol Marx, but also the Włodzimierz Lenin underlined the problem of sexual inequality in bourgeois society in his journalism. In consequence of this, the bolshevik government of the Soviet Union placed sexual equality at the top of the agenda for social transformation. Bolshevik political rhetoric emphasized the equality of women as a central communist goal during and after the revolution. The same rules and the same standards were obligatory in Poland and generally in the Eastern Europe after 1945. Especially the League of Women had to personifed women`s equality in the new polish society. The text describes the activity of the “communist women” in the Maria Curie–Skłodowska University (MCSU) in Lublin in the period between 1944–1956. The basic question the author of the article was concerned with was to what kind of women were involved in communist party (Polish United Workers` Party) in MCSU and how The League of Women worked in the MCSU. A large part of the article was also devoted to the characteristics of the women who participated in the MCSU's Leaugue and communist party.
EN
Negative assessments of the pre-war book situation were used as justification for some of the changes in this field made in 1945-1956. The reference to a deliberately distorted picture of the book’s situation in the Second Polish Republic intensified during the most revolutionary changes in this respect, the essence of which was bureaucratic planning, etatization and control of the processes of its issuing, production, sale and distribution. The problem that requires further research is the answer to the question of how the arguments used in „blackening” the image of book affairs in the Second Polish Republic could be convincing for those to whom they were directed.
EN
Bolesław Bierut, the President of Poland (1947–1952) and from 1948 the First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Polish United Workers’ Party, was a leading political figure of postwar Poland. The paper analyses the way in which the propaganda machine associated with “People’s Tribune” (“Trybuna Ludu”), an official media outlet of the Polish United Workers’ Party, presented the celebrations of Bierut’s 60th birthday. On the 18th and 19th of April 1952, thirty news items mentioning the celebrations of Bierut’s 60th birthday were published, ranging from congratulation letters to reports on meeting production targets by factories and individual workers. Official ceremonies constituted an attempt of the Polish regime to create a cult of Bolesław Bierut and were inspired by the similar ones organized by the Kremlin and associated with Joseph Stalin’s cult of personality. The Soviet propaganda was a clear source of inspiration for “People’s Tribune” whose aim was to demonstrate how lavishly the communist society celebrated Bierut’s birthday. Nevertheless, the official enthusiasm was not shared by all readers.
PL
W Polsce powojennej czołową postacią był Bolesław Bierut, prezydent RP w latach 1947–1952, od 1948 r. I sekretarz Komitetu Centralnego Polskiej Zjednoczonej Partii Robotniczej. W rozprawie podjęto temat propagandowego obrazu obchodów 60. rocznicy urodzin Bieruta, ukazanego w artykułach „Trybuny Ludu”, naczelnym organie prasowym PZPR. W dniach 18–19 kwietnia 1952 r. opublikowano 30 wzmianek poświęconych obchodom, w tym listy gratulacyjne i potwierdzenia wykonania zobowiązań podjętych dla uczczenia wydarzenia przez zakłady pracy i osoby prywatne. Oficjalne ceremonie miały stanowić element kultu jednostki Bieruta. Widoczne są także podobieństwa z uroczystościami związanymi z osobą Józefa Stalina, które wpłynęły na krajowe obchody, a poszczególne etapy przygotowań były nawiązaniem do rytuału odbywającego się na Kremlu. Opis przedstawianych wydarzeń był przesiąknięty propagandą wzorowaną na tej rozpowszechnionej w Związku Radzieckim. Celem było pokazanie, w jak uroczysty sposób społeczeństwo czciło rocznicę, wizja ta nie była jednak bezkrytycznie przyjmowana przez czytelników.
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