Search results

1

Polichromia drewnianych stalli w kolegiacie w Żółkwi

100%

Chmielewski K.

Ochrona Zabytków

|

1997

|

issue 1

71-74

EN

The presbytery o f the collegiate church in Żołkiew contains wooden stalls covered with polychromy. The original painted decoration was to a considerable degree concealed by the second layer o f oil repainting. Conducted studies determined the range and degree o f the preservation o f the original polychromy and its chemical composition. The polychromy was executed directly on w ood with plant-derived black mixed with egg white binder, and probably with the addition o f ferric-gallate ink. In the beam part, the ornament was painted on white priming ground whose fundamental component is calcium carbonate. A considerable part of the polychromy was transferred to the base with the help of suitable patterns. The whole was covered by semi-transparent resin lasing, only partially extant. Research into the repainting showed the satisfactory state of the original painted decoration of many elements of the stalls. Its form, similarly to the style of the carved decoration, carries distinct Manneristic features, combined with an earlier Late Renaissance element. Presumably, the stalls were made in the first quarter of the seventeenth century, and comprised one of the elements of the original church decoration. The author postulates complete conservation of the wooden construction, damaged to a large extent, and the removal of the repainting, followed by a conservation of the polychromy and the reconstruction of the missing fragments.

2

Stalle w Kalwarii Zebrzydowskiej w świetle odkryć dokonanych podczas ostatniej konserwacji

72%

Pytlarz E.

Ochrona Zabytków

|

2013

|

issue 1-4

61-74

EN

During the renovation of the stalls, situated in the choir of monastery church Our Lady of Angels, done in 2010 we have found several important things. The stalls, with many seats in 2 rows, were put along 3 walls of the choir. There were many times before mentioned in literature, but always dated after 1632 or even later. They consists of many parts made in different times, but the oldest and most interesting are backs of the seats: in the architectural shape with scenes from the life of Holy Mary in bas-relief, surrounded by strapwork ornament. When there were dismantled first time since end of XVII century, on the other side was found, written in sanguine, date: “1617 in Augusto” with signatures of – no doubts – authors. There were several names, sometimes hard to read: twice appeared name of Thomas Barwinek from Krakow; one, of which we know only origin “ from Sieciechow”, then “Tobias Pokorny”, “Alensa[kowicz?]” and others. Beneath, with a different writing character was found inscription: “1696 die 22 Mai”. The first inscription means the end of work on stalls, and it is exactly the same, as we can date basing on the strapwork ornament. Analysing 2 middle scenes we assume that they concern episode of St. Francis ’s life, exactly the moment when he asked for indulgence for pilgrims coming to pray at the church of Holy Mary of Angels, also called Porziuncula by Assisi. This choice of scenes, without anything common to the main subject, is probably connected with similar indulgence, that Franciscan church in Kalwaria obtained in 1612. It indicates, that they started to carve the stalls in 1612 or just after that date. Both scenes are also connected with the name of church – the same as by Assisi. The first of them, Adoration of Holy Mary with Jesus by St. Francis and Franciscan monks, has added later 3 carved coats of arms, connected with Michal Zebrzydowski – the youngest member of Zebrzydowski family – monastery founders. Maybe the seat beneath coats of arms was reserved to this family? During the renovation it was decided that backs of the stalls were made as a whole and nobody ever planned to paint them, apart from mussels, put over bas-reliefs, which were painted blue and gilt. The only added elements were small bas-reliefs, nailed over the primary decoration of frieze: blue panels with gilt sentence, which was part of primer prayer to St. Francis. They were made in the same style as the rest of decoration, so they are probably coming from the first baldachin, removed in 1696. In that time the church was enlarged and they made the new baldachin in a form of balcony with balustrade and wooden vases – similar to the new music choir. Both baldachin and balustrade were later on changed once again. The present balustrade, looking very primitively as a kind of naïf Baroque , was made during the church renovation in years 1793-1832. This renovation, done by father Tulinski, was much criticised later. Stalls were then renovated around half of XIX cent., when were made present lower benches, baldachin, columns and lectern. There were decorated with wooden inlays and veneer, the same as furniture in the sacristy, with date on them: 1859. The last elements were added after the monographic essay on Kalwaria, written by prof. Szablowski in 1933. There were carved quite primitively in pinewood. The last discovery reminds us names of authors. I also proves,that stalls are older than it was suspected. We estimate them as a very good example of early Dutch Mannerism style in Poland. Backboards, together with the oldest chapels of Kalwaria make evidence, how far to the south of Poland came influences of North European art. Maybe it was because of Paul Baudarth, chapels’ designer, who probably brought to woodcarvers some graphic patterns, or maybe made some sketches himself? Translated by Elżbieta Pytlarz

3

ODKRYCIE GOTYCKIEGO KOŚCIOŁA O UNIKATOWEJ, MUROWANO-SZKIELETOWEJ KONSTRUKCJI W KANIGOWIE

58%

Wawrykiewicz L.

Ochrona Zabytków

|

2008

|

issue 3

21-42

EN

The article is an attempt at recreating the original appearance of a Gothic brick-skeleton church in Kanigowo near Nidzica upon the basis of architectural research. The preserved parts of the skeleton walls made it possible to recreate the original composition of the northern and southern elevation, and the retention of the mediaeval roof truss permitted the establishment of the shape of the roof. Upon the basis of these elements it became feasible to define the architectural form of a church with a unique wall construction. Up to now the church has not been the topic of a separate monograph.Upon the basis of conducted architectural studies it has been ascertained that the basic outline of the present-day solid of the church originates from the 15th century. Apparently, the preserved fragments of the skeleton church walls comprise an integral element of its Gothic construction unambiguously confirmed by the dendrochronological research performed by Prof. Marek Krapiec, and made it possible to establish the date of the erection of the brick-skeleton church as 1386. The titular church was built from the onset with the application of two types of construction. Three-fifths of the walls were made of stones and ceramic brick, plastered on both sides. The upper part of the church walls was made out of parallel wooden constructions - from the outside with brick filling, and from the inside with timber framing. The skeleton parts of the wall comprise a uniform construction with the king-post roof truss and possess a single system of joiners' assembly signs. The 14th century construction was covered with a high gable roof with monk-nun tiles and probably had skeleton gables, which constituted a uniform construction with the roof truss. The brick ground floor of the nave featured two entrance portals - western and southern. The nave was additionally lit with three windows arranged in the southern elevation wall while the northern elevation was devoid of all windows. The outer construction with the brick, nonplastered filling contrasted with the whitened walls of the ground floor, comprising the prime visual accent of the Gothic church elevations. The monument possesses exceptional values on a regional and national scale. Quite probably, it is the only preserved example of a mediaeval brick-skeleton sacral building in former eastern Prussia. Presumably, there is no analogous edifice in the whole of Poland and possibly in Europe. Its other distinguishable features include artistic assets, which at present are not totally discernible. The form of the Gothic outer construction of the walls - despite the fact that a major part was concealed beneath plaster - is particularly noteworthy. Thanks to the application in each repeated span of cross-crossing elements it was possible to attain a decorative, almost 'ornamental' design of the wooden skeleton, contrasted with the brick filling. The configuration of the outer skeleton construction does not limit itself to a mere technical role, but comprises a sui generis decorative frieze crowning the brick church walls. For those reasons, suitable emphasis on this extremely valuable original construction of the church wall in the course of future conservation is to be regarded as a priority task during the revalorisation of the monument in question.

Refine search results

3 Ochrona Zabytków

1 Chmielewski K.

1 Pytlarz E.

1 Wawrykiewicz L.

1 2013

1 2008

1 1997

Polichromia drewnianych stalli w kolegiacie w Żółkwi

Stalle w Kalwarii Zebrzydowskiej w świetle odkryć dokonanych podczas ostatniej konserwacji

ODKRYCIE GOTYCKIEGO KOŚCIOŁA O UNIKATOWEJ, MUROWANO-SZKIELETOWEJ KONSTRUKCJI W KANIGOWIE