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An Analysis of Certainly and Generally in Late-Modern English English History Texts

100%
Álvarez-Gil F. J.
Research in Language
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2019
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vol. 17
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issue 2
179-195
EN
This paper analyses the adverbs certainly and generally as stancetaking markers. These adverbial devices are said to show authorial stance and to communicate the author’s commitment or detachment towards the information presented, and so they are classified as epistemic adverbs (Alonso-Almeida 2015). For this study, I have selected a corpus of history texts from the Modern English period (1700-1900), as compiled in The Corpus of History English Texts (Crespo and Moskowich 2015), on the basis of which the two evidential adverbs are examined using computer corpus tools, although manual inspection is also employed to assess the meaning of the items in context. The findings suggest that, in this type of scientific articles, the two adverbs are used with differing pragmatic functions, in the case of certainly it functions mostly as a booster and, in the specific case of generally, its use seems to primarily suggest a hedging purpose (Hyland 2005a).
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There are differences between scientific and non-scientific English indeed: a case study

100%
Crespo B.
Linguistica Pragensia
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2020
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vol. 30
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issue 2
187-203
EN
This study considers the behaviour of one specific stance adverb, indeed. In a previous analysis of scientific texts, indeed was found to be one of the most frequently used adverbs in the expression of emphatic standpoint evincing authorial presence (Moskowich and Crespo 2014). Also noted was its differing use by male and female writers, as well as differences according to genre and the geographical provenance of authors. My aim in the present study is to see whether such behaviour of indeed is also found in non-scientific texts, and if so to what extent. The analysis will include both scientific and non-scientific texts from the nineteenth century, a period in which the general fixation of English in its contemporary form had already taken place. The initial hypothesis is that authors of scientific texts tended to express themselves with more caution, even tentativeness, in comparison to authors writing less “impersonal” texts. External factors might also lead to identifiable variations in use in scientific writing, these including the sex of the speaker, plus his or her self-confidence as a writer. Such factors will be used as variables in the analysis. Data for scientific writing will be drawn from the Corpus of English Texts on Astronomy (CETA) and the Corpus of History English Texts (CHET); the Penn Parsed Corpus of Modern British English (PPCMBE) will be used for non-scientific texts.
3
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Stance and politeness in spoken Latvian

86%
Chojnicka J.
Lingua Posnaniensis
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2015
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vol. 57
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issue 1
25-40
EN
The present article is concerned with the concept of stance and its relationship to face, face work and politeness applied to Latvian spoken discourse. It offers an extensive review of relevant literature on stance and politeness theories, followed by an illustrative analysis of politeness strategies and stance markers found in a radio interview. On this basis, the article argues that stance markers - epistemic, evidential, mirative and hedging devices - may be considered a negative politeness strategy, responding to the speaker’s and hearer’s desire for autonomy. In conclusion, it suggests a hypothesis that could explain differing use of stance markers and politeness strategies by speakers fulfilling varying conversational roles and of various social standing.
4
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Lexical Bundles Ending in that in Academic Writing by Czech Learners and Native Speakers of English

86%
Brůhová G., Vašků K.
Anglica. An International Journal of English Studies
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2021
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issue 30(2)
53-69
EN
The aim of this paper is to explore how Czech learners of English use lexical bundles ending in that in their academic texts in comparison with novice and professional L1 authors. The analysis is based on three corpora (VESPA-CZ, BAWE and our own cor- pus of papers published in academic journals). The results suggest that Czech learners of English do not use a more limited repertoire of lexical bundles ending in that than pro- fessional writers. However, there are differences between the groups studied, especially in the range of various shell nouns used in nominal bundles. Novice writers, both L1 and L2, use bundles ending in that to express stance more frequently than professional writers.
5
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Stanowisko Federacji Rosyjskiej wobec paktu Ribbentrop-Mołotow za rządów Władimira Putina

72%
Bielicki P.
Dzieje Najnowsze
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2022
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vol. 54
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issue 2
197-216
EN
The article presents the stance of politicians, historians, and publicists under the rule of Vladimir Putin towards the agreement signed on 23 August 1939 between the foreign ministers of the Third Reich and the Soviet Union. The pact divided Central Europe between the two totalitarian powers. The author analyses the change in tactics of the Russian president and his acolytes on the issue over the past twenty years. He concludes that the approach of the Russian head of state and his supporters towards the agreement was strictly conditioned by the internal situation and the deterioration of the relations of the Russian Federation with Western countries and Poland.
PL
Artykuł przedstawia stanowisko polityków, historyków i publicystów wobec podpisanej 23 VIII 1939 r. umowy pomiędzy ministrami spraw zagranicznych III Rzeszy i Związku Sowieckiego za rządów Władimira Putina. Zakładała ona podział Europy Środkowej pomiędzy dwa totalitarne mocarstwa. Autor analizuje zmianę taktyki prezydenta Rosji oraz jego akolitów w przedmiotowej kwestii na przestrzeni ostatnich 20 lat. Wysuwa wniosek, że podejście szefa państwa rosyjskiego i jego zwolenników odnośnie do powyższego porozumienia było ściśle uwarunkowane sytuacją wewnętrzną oraz pogorszeniem się relacji Federacji Rosyjskiej z krajami zachodnimi oraz Polską.
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Formulating Place, Common Ground, and a Moral Order in Lachixío Zapotec

72%
Sicoli M. A.
Open Linguistics
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2016
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vol. 2
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issue 1
EN
People make reference to places in the variable formulations afforded by their languages and to multiple ends that in addition to picking out a referent, simultaneously build conceptual common ground about seen and unseen landscapes, including moral stances about the social geography. This paper examines the different ways that Lachixío Zapotec speakers of Oaxaca, Mexico, formulate and interpret place references in the dialogic narratives of their conversations. I examine sequences of interaction within stories that emerged in conversations as joint social actions. These sequences include both speakers’ place formulations and addressees’ responses that publically display their uptake and stances toward the references. I describe resources of the Lachixío Zapotec language for referencing place and show how place references are entangled with person references, references to historical events, and participants’ moral stances toward such references. Through examining references to locations within sequences of conversational story telling we gather some evidence for how conceptual common ground and moral value is developed through the step-wise progression of turn-taking and how stances about places come to be culturally shared or contested between interlocutors dialogically.
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Signalling Sites of Contention in Judicial Discourse. An Exploratory Corpus- Based Analysis of Selected Stance Nouns in US Supreme Court Opinions and Poland’s Constitutional Tribunal Judgments

58%
GOŹDŹ-ROSZKOWSKI S.
Comparative Legilinguistics
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2017
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vol. 32
91-117
PL
Niniejszy artykuł ukazuje próbę wykorzystania metodologii korpusowej w celu badania języka uzasadnien decyzji stosowania prawa. Przedmiotem analizy jest użycie grupy rzeczowników takich jak przypuszczenie, pogląd czy sugestia w konstrukcji przed spójnikiem that, a więc kontrolujących zdania podrzędne dopełnieniowe. Celem badania jest zbadanie funkcji jakie rzeczowniki w tej konstrukcji pełnią w dyskursie uzasadnień sądowych. Przyjęta hipoteza zakładała, że jedną z funkcji może być wartościowanie. Przedstawione w artykule wyniki potwierdzają, że sędziowie, zarówno amerykańscy jak i polscy, posługują się chętnie tego typu wyrażeniami w celu dokonania oceny argumentów zgłoszonych przez sędziów rozpatrujących sprawę w niższej instancji, strony procesowe, jak również innych sędziów spośród składu orzekającego. Bliższa analiza ukazuje również, iż rzeczowniki użyte w uzasadnieniach Trybunału Konstytucyjnego charakteryzują się mniejszym zróżnicowaniem kolokacyjnym oraz pełnią mniej funkcji w dyskursie niż ich angielskie odpowiedniki.   
EN
This paper adopts a comparative, corpus-based perspective to examine the language of judicial justification. Based on substantial corpus data, the study explores one of the linguistics resources, i.e. head nouns (e.g. assumption, belief, notion, etc.) followed by a nominal complement in the form of that-clause in two comparable legal settings: the opinions given in the United States Supreme Court and the judgements handed down by Poland’s Constitutional Tribunal. The findings corroborate the results of previous research which shows that nouns found in this pattern are used to perform various discourse functions but evaluation plays a central role in judicial writing and these nouns are used to signal sites of contentions. The study reveals the general similarity between the two sets of data suggesting that American and Polish judicial writing is underpinned by essentially the same epistemological assumptions. Yet, there are some differences in the way the nouns behave phraseologically. Polish nouns tend to show less collocational variation and they are found performing fewer discourse functions.  
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